Hulled Wheat Productivity and Quality in Modern Agriculture Against Conventional Wheat Species

The objective of this study is to compare the yields and qualities of the hulled wheats emmer ( Triticum dicoccum Schübl.) and spelt ( Triticum aestivum L. ssp. spelta ) with the commonly cultivated naked wheats common wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. ssp. vulgare ) and durum wheat ( Triticum durum Desf.). Three years of field experiments were carried out from 2015 to 2017 in the Lubelskie province (Poland) on rendzina soils. The experimental results indicate that the hulled wheats, even when cultivated with advanced technology, produced lower yields compared to the common and durum wheats (reduced by 30–56%). In spite of their lower yields, emmer and spelt retained appropriate technological parameters. Higher ash, protein, and wet gluten yields were characteristic of the hulled wheats; however, the high gluten spread of emmer (13.3 mm) may limit its application as a raw material in some food processes. In summary, hulled wheat species can be recommended for modern agricultural production as an alternative source of high-quality materials for the agricultural and food industries.