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Farmscape Composition and Livelihood Sustainability in Deforested Landscapes of Colombian Amazonia

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  • Lisset Pérez Marulanda

    (International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), km 17 recta Cali-Palmira, Cali 763537, Colombia
    Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark)

  • Patrick Lavelle

    (Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences (Biodis), Paris Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France)

  • Martin Rudbeck Jepsen

    (Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark)

  • Augusto Castro-Nunez

    (International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), km 17 recta Cali-Palmira, Cali 763537, Colombia)

  • Wendy Francesconi

    (International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), km 17 recta Cali-Palmira, Cali 763537, Colombia)

  • Karen Camilo

    (International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), km 17 recta Cali-Palmira, Cali 763537, Colombia
    Department of Economics, Universidad ICESI, Cali 760031, Colombia)

  • Martha Vanegas-Cubillos

    (International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), km 17 recta Cali-Palmira, Cali 763537, Colombia)

  • Miguel Antonio Romero

    (International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), km 17 recta Cali-Palmira, Cali 763537, Colombia)

  • Juan Carlos Suárez

    (Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la Amazonía, Florencia, Caquetá 184010, Colombia)

  • Antonio Solarte

    (Centro para la Investigación en Sistemas Sostenibles para la Producción Agropecuaria (CIPAV), Cali 760042, Colombia)

  • Marcela Quintero

    (International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), km 17 recta Cali-Palmira, Cali 763537, Colombia)

Abstract

In this article, we operationalized a sustainability framing based on the Sustainable Rural Livelihood Resources Framework (SLF), which consists of five capitals—human, physical, social, financial, and natural. We proposed a sustainability index (SI) for two landscapes dominated by two agricultural systems: cattle ranching and small-scale family agriculture. Farm variables within each capital were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. Key variables were identified and index values were calculated for each capital. These were combined through a set of simultaneous equations to estimate farm-specific capitals and SI from the observed farm variables. Principal component and cluster analyses were used to group the farms according to their index scores and to further compare their characteristics. Furthermore, with the purpose of comparing the index scoring with an independent metric, a landscape indicator, which comes from a continuous forest, was calculated. From the results, the capitals that contributed to a higher SI score the most were financial and physical. As cattle ranching was associated with higher economic returns and infrastructure investments, this livelihood was identified as the most sustainable. Yet, cattle ranching has been a deforestation driver in the region. These results are attributed to the current conceptual framework design, which gives greater weight to material and economic variables; therefore, it generates a weak sustainability measure. Although the framework allowed us to identify land-use alternatives that could improve SI scores (i.e., silvopastoral systems), corrections to the proposed framework and methodological approach will need to include additional environmental benefits currently unaccounted for. Farmers that use their farms for conservation purposes should be recognized and compensated. An improved environmentally focused SI operational framework could help to endorse and promote sustainable livelihoods and to generate a strong sustainability measure.

Suggested Citation

  • Lisset Pérez Marulanda & Patrick Lavelle & Martin Rudbeck Jepsen & Augusto Castro-Nunez & Wendy Francesconi & Karen Camilo & Martha Vanegas-Cubillos & Miguel Antonio Romero & Juan Carlos Suárez & Anto, 2020. "Farmscape Composition and Livelihood Sustainability in Deforested Landscapes of Colombian Amazonia," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-20, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:10:y:2020:i:12:p:588-:d:452337
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Fang Su & Nini Song & Nannan Ma & Altynbek Sultanaliev & Jing Ma & Bing Xue & Shah Fahad, 2021. "An Assessment of Poverty Alleviation Measures and Sustainable Livelihood Capability of Farm Households in Rural China: A Sustainable Livelihood Approach," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-16, December.

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