Modern political processes and mechanisms to ensure geoecological safety and sustainability of the Northern Caspian Region (by the example of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation)

The article examines a set of issues of geo-ecological safety of the Northern Caspian Sea as the most important ecological zone of the Caspian Sea. This sector is under the jurisdiction of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation, has a common political, socio-economic and environmental problems that determine the unity of vision of the diversity of interrelated components of the environment. The growing activity of the countries of the Caspian region, associated with the development of natural resource and transport and communication potentials, is accompanied by an increase in the violation of the ecological balance. Preservation of the integrity of the ecological system of the Caspian Sea is possible through the formation of a single economic space. Modern approaches are outlined on the basis of the use of comparative, structural and functional research methods, as well as the development of political and environmental mechanisms for studying the most important factors and conditions according to the criteria of commonality of homogeneous components of the natural environment and resource base, political and other conditions. The program management of these processes is predicted by the author both on an interstate basis and at the national level. As a result of the analysis, the political mechanism for ensuring the geo-environmental security of the Northern Caspian is considered, which is characterized by a complex of regional features, the main of which is the recognition of the unity of the ecological system of the Caspian Sea.