Detection mechanisms under Kenya’s anti-money laundering regime: omissions and loopholes

Purpose - This paper aims to detect the methods that facilitate the identification of potential money laundering activities in Kenya. Kenya is a transit point for international drug traffickers and trade-based money laundering. Hence, it is vulnerable to money laundering and consequently, it is necessary to examine the potency of its first lines of defence and its weaknesses. Design/methodology/approach - The research is secondary in nature. It is based on reviewing relevant literature and analyzing the Proceeds of Crime and Anti-Money Laundering Act (POCAMLA) and the Proceeds of Crime and Anti-Money Laundering Regulations (POCAMLR). Both form the core of Kenya’s anti-money laundering regime. Findings - Generally, the identified methods can facilitate identification of proceeds of crime and possible laundering activity. However, there are challenges in the provisions that could reduce effectiveness. These include intrinsic loopholes and implementation challenges, in the provisions relating to accountants, precious stone and metal dealers and the hawala system. Additionally, there is the key omission of car dealers and legal professionals from the mechanisms for detecting money laundering. Originality/value - Given Kenya’s money laundering susceptibility, it is necessary and prudent to critically examine its mechanisms for detecting money laundering. The paper seeks to make a practical and scholarly contribution in filling this extant gap. This paper can trigger further discussions as well as the necessary legislative and policy changes. This would positively enhance the success of Kenya’s anti-money laundering regime in detecting money laundering activities.