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Financial inclusion and poverty reduction in India

Author

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  • Takeshi Inoue

Abstract

Purpose - This paper aims to investigate the impacts of financial development through commercial banks on poverty conditions in India. Design/methodology/approach - Using unbalanced panel data for Indian states and union territories from 1973 to 2004, and applying the generalized method of moments estimation, the author estimates models in which the poverty ratio is explained by financial inclusion and financial deepening for public sector banks and private sector banks, respectively. Findings - The results show that financial inclusion and deepening have statistically significant negative relationships with the poverty ratio for public sector banks, but not for private sector banks. In addition, the coefficients of the interaction term between financial inclusion and deepening are estimated to be negative and statistically significant in most cases of public sector banks. Considering the positive impacts of financial inclusion and deepening on poverty reduction, this result implies that promoting breadth and depth of public sector banks could have a synergistic effect on poverty reduction in India. Originality/value - First, unlike previous studies, the author applies both the numbers of bank branches and accounts as the measure of accessibility and usage of banking services. Second, using the interaction term between financial inclusion and deepening, the author empirically analyzes whether, and to what extent, the breadth and depth of the banking sector interact with each other in the process of poverty reduction. Third, the author divide the Indian commercial banks into public sector banks and private sector banks and compares their impacts of financial inclusion and deepening on poverty conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Takeshi Inoue, 2018. "Financial inclusion and poverty reduction in India," Journal of Financial Economic Policy, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 11(1), pages 21-33, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:eme:jfeppp:jfep-01-2018-0012
    DOI: 10.1108/JFEP-01-2018-0012
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Sami Al-Kharusi & Azmat Gani, 2022. "Financial Credit and Expansion of the Non-Hydrocarbon Sector in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 28(3), pages 105-118, November.
    2. Rajesh Barik & Sanjaya Kumar Lenka & Jajati K. Parida, 2022. "Financial Inclusion and Human Development in Indian States: Evidence from the Post-Liberalisation Periods," Indian Journal of Human Development, , vol. 16(3), pages 513-527, December.
    3. Zhang, Jiaping & Zhang, Huirong & Gong, Xiaomei, 2022. "Mobile payment and rural household consumption: Evidence from China," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(3).
    4. Huang, Ruixian & Kale, Seenaiah & Paramati, Sudharshan Reddy & Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad, 2021. "The nexus between financial inclusion and economic development: Comparison of old and new EU member countries," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 1-15.
    5. Nasir Khan & Mahwish Zafar & Abiodun Funso Okunlola & Zeman Zoltan & Magda Robert, 2022. "Effects of Financial Inclusion on Economic Growth, Poverty, Sustainability, and Financial Efficiency: Evidence from the G20 Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-19, October.
    6. K. K. Abdulkareem*, Hauwah, 2023. "Financial Inclusion And Poverty Reduction Among The Operators In The Small And Medium Scale Enterprises Of Lagos State," Ilorin Journal of Economic Policy, Department of Economics, University of Ilorin, vol. 10(1), pages 15-31, June.
    7. Koomson, Isaac & Danquah, Michael, 2021. "Financial inclusion and energy poverty: Empirical evidence from Ghana," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    India; Financial deepening; Poverty; Financial inclusion; C33; G21;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

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