The Islamic gracious monetary instruments: a theoretical approach

Purpose - This paper attempts to construct Islamic gracious monetary instruments namelyQardh hassan,WaqfandGiftcentral bank certificates. The certificates do not only function as monetary instrumentsper se, but also give economic and social benefit for the public such as the needy. However, the central bank and its counterparts still need to manage the funds professionally to produce profit, maintain the values of the funds and prevent business losses. As such, this theoretical study aims to offer alternative Islamic monetary instruments for the central bank to manage liquidity and especially to improve the welfare of the people. Design/methodology/approach - The paper exercises three Islamic gracious monetary instruments (Qardh hassan,WaqfandGiftcentral bank certificates) for both investment based (MudarabahandMusharakah) financing and trading based (IjarahandMurabahah) financing. Every instrument is elaborated mathematically to analyze its economic impact, treatment of profit and loss coming from the business and status of the funds. Finally, the paper compares every gracious certificate and explains the terms and conditions to use them optimally. Findings - The exercises find unique characteristics, operations and contribution of every Islamic gracious monetary instrument to the economy. Based on economic impact, nature of the contracts and management of the funds, the central bank can now have alternative Islamic monetary instruments to be offered to the generous depositors to improve the welfare of the people particularly the needy. Research limitations/implications - The paper only assesses the feasibility of three Islamic gracious monetary instruments. There might be more alternatives of Islamic gracious monetary instruments to be considered and elaborated. Originality/value - To the best of author's knowledge, this is the first paper to try to exercise the alternative of the Islamic gracious monetary instruments.