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The linkage between international dairy commodity prices and volatility: a panel-GARCH analysis

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  • Anthony N. Rezitis
  • Ourania A. Tremma

Abstract

Purpose - The study's purpose is to investigate the price volatility of four dairy commodities (skim milk powder [SMP], whole milk powder [WMP], butter and cheddar cheese) in the three most significant regional markets (EU, Oceania and US) in the international dairy market. Design/methodology/approach - The study uses a panel-Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic (panel-GARCH) modeling technique and data from January 12, 2001, to April 28, 2017. Findings - Conditional volatility was higher during subperiods 2007–2010 and 2014–2016 when conditional cross-correlations between prices had the lowest values. In some cases, they were negative (i.e. between the EU and the USA and between Oceania and the USA for both butter and cheese). Interdependence across the three dairy markets, especially for SMP and WMP markets and for the butter market between EU and Oceania is also strongly evidenced. Interdependence is responsible for the spillover of price shocks across the three regions. Research limitations/implications - The data set used should be extended to cover the COVID-19 pandemic period. Originality/value - This is the first study to use panel-GARCH to examine international dairy prices and volatility linkages, where previous studies mainly used multivariate GARCH models. Panel-GARCH allows a high-dimensional data series (i.e. 12 dairy prices) and generates potential efficiency gains in estimating conditional variances and covariances by incorporating information about heterogeneity across markets and considering their interdependence.

Suggested Citation

  • Anthony N. Rezitis & Ourania A. Tremma, 2022. "The linkage between international dairy commodity prices and volatility: a panel-GARCH analysis," Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 13(5), pages 685-705, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:eme:jadeep:jadee-02-2022-0027
    DOI: 10.1108/JADEE-02-2022-0027
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Conditional volatility; Implied conditional cross-correlation; Panel-GARCH; Global food crisis; C33; C51; F14; L11;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • C51 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Model Construction and Estimation
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • L11 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms

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