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Financial inclusion and socioeconomic development: gaps and solution

Author

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  • Shailesh Rastogi
  • Ragabiruntha E.

Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to identify factors relevant for financial inclusion (FI) and establish a model that shows how these factors lead to economic development (ED) through FI. Design/methodology/approach - Primary data were collected through structured questionnaire. Out of 350, 311 respondents accurately filled the questionnaire. The data were collected from rural areas of Tamil Nadu. Exploratory factor analysis has been applied to evaluate drivers/factors relevant for FI. Confirmatory factor analysis has been applied to establish reliability and validity of the identified factors. A structural model has been proposed and empirically tested for ED through FI. Findings - The main findings of the current paper are as follows: online banking (OB), understanding banking services (UBS) and financial literacy (FL) are the drivers of FI; FI can lead to ED, as the proposed model of ED, through FI, is supported in the paper (χ2/degree of freedom and CMIN/degree of freedom are less than 3; GFI and AGFI are more than 0.90 and 0.85, respectively). Behavior of the people, with respect to mode of financial transactions, has changed due to demonetization. (Theχ2test for mode of financial transaction is significant). Research limitations/implications - The geographical reach of the sample should cover the whole India. The sample should also have equal representation from rural and urban areas. Practical implications - The identified factors for FI (OB, UBS and FL) should be more focused to bring about better results for FI in India. These factors can lead to a more effective execution of FI initiatives. In addition to this, policy makers can be confident of relying upon FI as a tool for ED. Originality/value - The identified three drivers for FI have not been explored earlier. In addition to this, ED (through FI) in the form of structural model has also not been tested earlier. Government of India can realign their policies toward FI by using findings of this paper. In addition to increasing the access of formal financial system to masses, more thrust can be given to OB and FL for better results of FI in India.

Suggested Citation

  • Shailesh Rastogi & Ragabiruntha E., 2018. "Financial inclusion and socioeconomic development: gaps and solution," International Journal of Social Economics, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 45(7), pages 1122-1140, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:eme:ijsepp:ijse-08-2017-0324
    DOI: 10.1108/IJSE-08-2017-0324
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Kuldeep Singh & Madhvendra Misra & Jitendra Yadav, 2021. "Corporate social responsibility and financial inclusion: Evaluating the moderating effect of income," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(5), pages 1263-1274, July.
    2. Shailesh Rastogi & Arpita Sharma & Geetanjali Pinto & Venkata Mrudula Bhimavarapu, 2022. "A literature review of risk, regulation, and profitability of banks using a scientometric study," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 1-17, December.
    3. Vavangani Ishtiyaq Nadeem & Khalid Waheed & Arshiya Fathima M.S, 2024. "Financial inclusion of Muslim minority in Vellore, Tamil Nadu," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 53(1), February.
    4. AHMAD Idris & ALNI Rahmawati & ARNI Surwanti & MAMDUH M. Hanafi, 2023. "Financial Literacy To Improve Sustainability: A Bibliometric Analysis," Studies in Business and Economics, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Faculty of Economic Sciences, vol. 18(3), pages 24-43, December.
    5. Murshed, Muntasir & Ahmed, Rizwan & Al-Tal, Raad Mahmoud & Kumpamool, Chamaiporn & Vetchagool, Witchulada & Avarado, Rafael, 2023. "Determinants of financial inclusion in South Asia: The moderating and mediating roles of internal conflict settlement," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    6. Salman Mahmood & Wen Shuhui & Shoaib Aslam & Tanveer Ahmed, 2023. "Financial Inclusion: Does it matter in Alleviating Poverty in Pakistan," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 169(3), pages 1125-1146, October.
    7. Madan Survase & Atmajitsinh Gohil, 2024. "Empowering Self-Help Groups: The Impact of Financial Inclusion on Social Well-Being," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-17, May.
    8. Shubham Chavriya & Gagan Deep Sharma & Mandeep Mahendru, 2024. "Financial inclusion as a tool for sustainable macroeconomic growth: An integrative analysis," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 95(2), pages 527-551, June.
    9. Shailesh Rastogi & Akanksha Goel & Adesh Doifode, 2023. "Open APIs in banking and inclusive growth: an innovation to support the poverty eradication programs in India," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 24(4), pages 432-444, December.
    10. Amit Pandey & Ravi Kiran & Rakesh Kumar Sharma, 2022. "Investigating the Impact of Financial Inclusion Drivers, Financial Literacy and Financial Initiatives in Fostering Sustainable Growth in North India," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-21, September.
    11. Azra Zaimovic & Anes Torlakovic & Almira Arnaut-Berilo & Tarik Zaimovic & Lejla Dedovic & Minela Nuhic Meskovic, 2023. "Mapping Financial Literacy: A Systematic Literature Review of Determinants and Recent Trends," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-30, June.
    12. Kajol, K. & Singh, Ranjit & Paul, Justin, 2022. "Adoption of digital financial transactions: A review of literature and future research agenda," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
    13. Thereza Balliester Reis, 2021. "What is financial inclusion? A critical review," Working Papers 246, Department of Economics, SOAS University of London, UK.
    14. Imad A. Moosa, 2022. "Fintech," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 21229.

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