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Determination of heavy metals in cow's and buffalo's fresh raw milk from different areas of Pakistan

Author

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  • Kanza Abid
  • Zafar Iqbal Shams
  • Muhammad Suleman Tahir
  • Arif Zubair

Abstract

Purpose - The presence of heavy metals in milk causes many acute and chronic physiological dysfunctions in human organs. The present study aims to investigate the heavy metals in cow's and buffalo's milk of two major cities, Karachi and Gujranwala, Pakistan to estimate metal intake by humans from this source. Design/methodology/approach - In total, 48 milk samples from 2 cities were drawn from animals' udder to avoid contamination. Each sample was digested with nitric acid at 105oC (degree Celsius) on a pre-heated electric hot plate to investigate the metals by atomic absorption spectroscopy (flame type). Air-acetylene technique analyzed chromium, cadmium and lead, and the hydride method analyzed arsenic in the milk samples. Findings - The results revealed the highest mean lead concentration (19.65 ± 43.86 ppb) in the milk samples, followed by chromium (2.10 ± 2.33 ppb) and arsenic (0.48 ± 0.73 ppb). Cadmium was not detected in any sample, assuming cadmium's occurrence was below the detection level. The concentrations of all the metals in the samples of the two cities do not differ statistically. Lead concentrations in the buffalo's milk were higher than in cow's milk (p

Suggested Citation

  • Kanza Abid & Zafar Iqbal Shams & Muhammad Suleman Tahir & Arif Zubair, 2023. "Determination of heavy metals in cow's and buffalo's fresh raw milk from different areas of Pakistan," Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 42(3), pages 757-770, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:eme:agjsrp:agjsr-11-2022-0266
    DOI: 10.1108/AGJSR-11-2022-0266
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    Keywords

    Milk; Cow; Buffalo; Toxic metals; Pakistan;
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