Una tipología de la inserción de las economías en las redes globales de comercio en valor agregado para las exportaciones

This paper proposes a typology for countries participating in the export trade network in value added (VA). We establish the types according to the participation intensity considering two indicators: the foreign VA contained in exports (VAEX) and the domestic VA incorporated in the rest of the world’s exports (VAIXRdM). The typology classifies the countries into five groups. In some cases, the position of the groups is correlated with the composition of exports. Group I comprises countries with low VAEX and high VAIXRdM, in which primary exports and manufactures processing these resources make an essential contribution to exports. In group II are countries exporting high and medium-high manufacturing industries with intense international fragmentation of production. Therefore, in this group, VAEX is high, but VAIXRdM shows a high dispersion, which indicates the diversity in advance of the complexity of the productive processes embodied in exports. Group III brings together countries with both indicators at a medium level. These are high-income European countries, some of them specialize in medium-high technology manufacturing exports. Others combine these exports with service exports. Despite its particular export profile, China belongs to this group. The United States and Japan, despite the difference in the composition of their exports, belong to group IV, with very low VAEX and medium-high VAIXRdM. Finally, group V comprises Canada and India, with different export structures but with rather low coefficients.