IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/elt/journl/v85y2018i339p601-644.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

¿A dónde exportan las firmas, por qué eligen ese mercado, quiénes venden más y cuántas comercian? Un análisis con firmas manufactureras localizadas en México

Author

Listed:
  • Cardoso Vargas, Carlos Enrique

    (Secretaría de Finanzas de la Ciudad de México)

Abstract

Background: There is little research that examines the patterns of trade countries around the world exhibit, and even more so for developing countries. Where is it possible for companies to export? Why do firms prefer a sales destination to another? What firms sell more once they export and how many of them trade in foreign markets? Those questions have implications for public policy, both in the increase in foreign sales and in the diversification of exports in foreign markets. Methodology: Using a partial equilibrium model of heterogeneous firms inspired by Melitz (2003), different hypotheses are derived to answer the questions. The evaluation is carried out using a panel built with information on trade flows and production data of a sample of manufacturing firms located in Mexico from 2004 to 2010. Results: It is more likely that exporters will sell to large markets, although this possibility is restricted by the transportation costs to reach those destinations. Firms with higher productivity and size are more likely to export to more countries. The selection of the export destination at the firm level is influenced by the firm’s size and productivity, as well as by demand in destination country and export experience in a particular market. A growth of 10% in productivity would increase by 4.2% the possibility of firms choosing the Latin American market instead of the North American. With this increase, it is possible that it increased the probability of exporting to Europe or Asia by 2.5 or 2.4%, in relation to selecting the North American market. On the other hand, a 10% increase in global demand would cause a decrease between 2.8 and 12.2% in the probability of selecting other sales destinations regarding the North American market. Conclusions: Increases in productivity and the size of export firms would presuppose an increase in their level of sales abroad. In terms of diversification of foreign sales, substituting trade with the North American market is complicated; however, the most reasonable destinations would be Europe and Asia. The strategy to expand exports to other countries in small and medium firms should focus on increasing both their productivity and size, and improving their access to these areas. For larger firms, improving access would not only be an indispensable strategy, but one that could very possibly give results in a shorter time.// Antecedentes: son escasas las investigaciones que examinan los patrones de comercio que exhiben los países alrededor del mundo, y lo son aún más para países en desarrollo. .A donde es factible que las empresas exporten?, ¿por qué las firmas prefieren un destino de venta en lugar de otro?, ¿qué firmas venden más una vez que exportan y cuantas de ellas comercian en los mercados foráneos? Éstas son preguntas que tienen implicaciones de política pública, tanto en el incremento en las ventas externas como en la diversificación de las exportaciones en mercados foráneos. Metodología: mediante un modelo de equilibrio parcial de firmas heterogéneas inspirado en Melitz (2003) se derivan distintas hipótesis para dar respuesta a las interrogantes. La evaluación se realiza utilizando un panel construido con información sobre los flujos comercio y datos de producción de una muestra de empresas manufactureras localizadas en México de 2004 a 2010. Resultados: es más probable que los exportadores vendan a grandes mercados, aunque esa posibilidad se ve restringida por los costos de transporte para llegar a esos destinos: firmas con mayor productividad y tamaño tienen mayor probabilidad de exportar a más países. La selección del destino de exportación de la firma se ve influenciada por el tamaño y la productividad de la empresa, así como por la demanda en el país de destino y la experiencia exportadora en un mercado en particular. Un crecimiento de 10% en la productividad aumentaría en 4.2% la posibilidad de las firmas de elegir al mercado latinoamericano en lugar del norteamericano; con esa alza sería posible que incrementara en 2.5 o 2.4% la probabilidad de exportar a Europa o Asia, en lugar de seleccionar América del Norte. Por su parte, un incremento de 10% en la demanda externa global ocasionaría una disminución entre 2.8 y 12.2% en la probabilidad de seleccionar a otros destinos de venta con respecto al mercado norteamericano. Conclusiones: aumentos en la productividad y el tamaño de las firmas exportadoras presupondría un aumento en su nivel de ventas en el exterior. En términos de diversificación de las ventas externas, el sustituir el comercio con el mercado de Norteamérica es complicado; no obstante, los destinos más razonables serian Europa y Asia. La estrategia para ampliar las exportaciones a otros países en empresas pequeñas y medianas debería enfocarse en incrementar tanto su productividad y tamaño como en mejorar su acceso a esas áreas; para empresas más grandes, mejorar el acceso seria no solo una estrategia indispensable, sino la que muy posiblemente podría dar resultados en un menor tiempo.

Suggested Citation

  • Cardoso Vargas, Carlos Enrique, 2018. "¿A dónde exportan las firmas, por qué eligen ese mercado, quiénes venden más y cuántas comercian? Un análisis con firmas manufactureras localizadas en México," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(339), pages .601-644, julio-sep.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:85:y:2018:i:339:p:601-644
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v85i339.399
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.eltrimestreeconomico.com.mx/index.php/te/article/view/399/991
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v85i339.399?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    More about this item

    Keywords

    comercio internacional; heterogeneidad de firmas; comportamiento de la empresa;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • D21 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Theory

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:85:y:2018:i:339:p:601-644. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Nuria Pliego Vinageras (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.fondodeculturaeconomica.com/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.