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Crecimiento económico y productividad en Latinoamérica. El proyecto LA-KLEMS

Author

Listed:
  • Hofman, André

    (Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH))

  • Mas, Matilde

    (Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas (IVIE), Universidad de Valencia)

  • Aravena, Claudio

    (CEPAL y Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH))

  • Fernandez de Guevara, Juan

    (Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas (IVIE), Universidad de Valencia)

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this article is to analyze economic growth, productivity and its determinants in five countries in Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico) during the period 1990-2010. This analysis applies to the aggregate economy as well as to nine economic sectors. Methods. A new database, LA-KLEMS, is used that will serve as a fundamental tool for empirical and theoretical research in the area of economic growth and productivity for Latin America. The variables are organized around the growth accounting methodology, which provides a clear conceptual framework for consistent analysis of interaction between the variables. The LA-KLEMS figures highlight discrepancies between countries and give a new perspective to understand how the series evolve over time. Results. Results show that the sluggish economic growth is basically driven by the negative contribution of total factor productivity (TFP) in all countries and in almost all sectors, despite the investment efforts made in the last 20 years. Latin American countries face a genuine problem of productivity, as the shift-share analysis shows. Conclusions. The problems of TFP are common to all industries and do not seem to be driven by structural change, that is the reallocation of resources from low to high productive industries.// Antecedentes. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el crecimiento económico, la productividad y sus determinantes en cinco países de América Latina (Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia y México) durante el periodo 1990-2010. Este análisis se aplica tanto a la economía agregada como a nueve sectores de actividad económica. Metodología. Se utiliza una nueva base de datos, LA-KLEMS, que servirá como herramienta fundamental para la investigación empírica y teórica en el área de crecimiento económico y productividad para América Latina. Las variables se organizan en torno a la metodología de contabilidad del crecimiento, que proporciona un marco conceptual claro para el análisis coherente de la interacción entre las variables. Las cifras de LA-KLEMS ponen de relieve las discrepancias entre los países y dan una nueva perspectiva para entender cómo evolucionan las series con el tiempo. Resultados. Los resultados muestran que el lento crecimiento económico se debe básicamente a la contribución negativa de la productividad total de los factores (PTF) en todos los países y en casi todos los sectores, a pesar de los esfuerzos de inversión realizados en los últimos 20 años. Los países latinoamericanos se enfrentan a un auténtico problema de productividad, como muestra el shift-share análisis. Conclusiones. Los problemas de la PTF son comunes a todos los sectores de actividad económica y no parecen estar impulsados por el cambio estructural, es decir, la reasignación de recursos de industrias de baja a alta productividad.

Suggested Citation

  • Hofman, André & Mas, Matilde & Aravena, Claudio & Fernandez de Guevara, Juan, 2017. "Crecimiento económico y productividad en Latinoamérica. El proyecto LA-KLEMS," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(334), pages .259-306, abril-jun.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:84:y:2017:i:334:p:259-306
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v84i334.302
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    Cited by:

    1. André Hofman & Claudio Aravena & Jorge Friedman, 2017. "Sources of Productivity and Economic Growth in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1990-2013," International Productivity Monitor, Centre for the Study of Living Standards, vol. 33, pages 51-76, Fall.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    crecimiento económico; productividad; Latinoamérica; productividad total de los factores (PTF); base de datos LA-KLEMS;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O24 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Development Planning and Policy - - - Trade Policy; Factor Movement; Foreign Exchange Policy
    • D24 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Production; Cost; Capital; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity; Capacity
    • L16 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics; Macroeconomic Industrial Structure

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