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El shock externo del Acuerdo Transatlántico para el Comercio y la Inversión para la manufactura mexicana. ¿Cómo afectaría a sus exportaciones hacia los Estados Unidos?

Author

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  • Expósito García, Alfonso

    (Departamento de Análisis Económico, Universidad de Sevilla)

Abstract

Background: The creation of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), that the United States (US) and the European Union (EU) are currently negotiating, will have a major impact on world trade, especially in third-country economies with greater dependence on any of the signatoring countries, as it is the case of Mexico. Methods: This paper analyses the effects of this trade agreement on the exports of the Mexican manufacturing sectors through the application of a model of multiple gravity equations in two possible scenarios (ambitious and limited TTIP). Results: Findings show significant drops of Mexican manufacturing exports and a weakening of its role in the global value chains, especially in those sectors where the EU has significant competitive advantages in its trade with the US. Furthermore, the estimated impacts show that the trade diversion effects would be particularly relevant in those industries with high dependence on exports to the US market, such as machinery and transport equipments. Conclusions: The update of the trade agreements between Mexico and the US and the EU could mitigate the potential negative effects of TTIP, provided that this update leads to an approximation to the standards set for European exports in this new agreement.// Antecedentes: La creación de la Asociación Transatlántica para el Comercio y la Inversión (TTIP, por sus siglas en inglés) que actualmente negocian los Estados Unidos y la Unión Europea tendrá importantes repercusiones en el comercio mundial, especialmente para aquellas economías con una elevada dependencia comercial de alguno de los bloques firmantes, como es el caso de México. Métodos: Este trabajo analiza los efectos de este acuerdo comercial para las exportaciones de los sectores manufactureros mexicanos dirigidas a los Estados Unidos por medio de un modelo múltiple de ecuaciones gravitatorias en dos posibles escenarios, ambicioso y limitado. Resultados: Los resultados muestran una caída significativa de las exportaciones manufactureras de México y un debilitamiento de su posición en las cadenas globales de valor, especialmente en aquellos sectores donde la Unión Europea presenta ventajas competitivas en su comercio con los Estados Unidos. Asimismo, los resultados muestran que los efectos de desviación de comercio se vivirían especialmente en aquellas industrias con una elevada dependencia de sus exportaciones con el mercado estadunidense, de entre las que destacan la maquinaria y los equipos de transporte. Conclusiones: La actualización de los acuerdos que México tiene con los Estados Unidos y con la Unión Europea podría mitigar los potenciales efectos negativos del TTIP, siempre y cuando ésta suponga una aproximación a los estándares de las exportaciones europeas acordados en este nuevo acuerdo.

Suggested Citation

  • Expósito García, Alfonso, 2017. "El shock externo del Acuerdo Transatlántico para el Comercio y la Inversión para la manufactura mexicana. ¿Cómo afectaría a sus exportaciones hacia los Estados Unidos?," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(333), pages .237-254, enero-mar.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:84:y:2017:i:333:p:237-254
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v84i333.268
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    acuerdos comerciales; desviación de comercio; manufacturas; México; los Estados Unidos;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C68 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Computable General Equilibrium Models
    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F17 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Forecasting and Simulation

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