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Empleo femenino, pobreza y desigualdad. Un análisis de microdescomposiciones. Uruguay (1991-2012)

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  • Parada, Cecilia

    ((CEDLAS), Universidad Nacional de La Plata y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones, Ciencias y Técnicas (Conicet))

Abstract

This paper analyses the effect of the increase in female employment on income distribution in Uruguay between 1991 and 2012. In particular, this paper studies the impact on inequality and poverty. The methodology employed is a micro-decomposition proposed by Bourguignon et al. (1998). This methodology allows to partially capture the effect of the increase on female employment and to distinguish between effects generated by changes in employment status and those produced by changes in worked hours. Results suggest that, the increase in female employment has had statistically significant effects, despite not being the most important when it comes to explaining the evolution of income distribution. Changes in female employment contributed to reducing poverty levels throughout the period studied and, although it had modest results on de concentration of income at the beginning of the period, effects were more pronounced towards the end.// En este artículo se estudia el efecto del aumento del empleo femenino sobre la distribución del ingreso en Uruguay entre 1991 y 2012; en particular se analizan los efectos sobre la desigualdad y la pobreza. Asimismo, se aplica la metodología de microdescomposición propuesta por Bourguignon et al. (1998), la cual permite capturar parcialmente el efecto del aumento de la tasa de empleo femenino. Esta metodología permite distinguir el efecto generado por cambios en la condición de empleo y el producido por modificaciones en las horas trabajadas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que, a pesar de no ocupar un lugar central cuando se busca explicar la evolución de la distribución del ingreso, el aumento del empleo femenino ha tenido efectos significativos desde el punto de vista estadístico. Si bien algunos resultados sobre la distribución del ingreso son modestos, los cambios en el empleo femenino contribuyeron en todo momento a reducir los niveles de pobreza y la desigualdad

Suggested Citation

  • Parada, Cecilia, 2016. "Empleo femenino, pobreza y desigualdad. Un análisis de microdescomposiciones. Uruguay (1991-2012)," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(330), pages .371-404, abril-jun.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:83:y:2016:i:330:p:371-404
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v83i330.203
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    distribución del ingreso; pobreza; desigualdad; microdescomposiciones; empleo femenino; Uruguay;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C15 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Statistical Simulation Methods: General
    • C24 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Truncated and Censored Models; Switching Regression Models; Threshold Regression Models
    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure

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