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Un enfoque monetario de la inflación en el largo plazo. El caso de Uruguay (1870-2010)

Author

Listed:
  • Brum, Conrado

    (Banco Central del Uruguay; Universidad de la República, Uruguay)

  • Román, Carolina

    (Universidad de la República, Uruguay)

  • Willebald, Henry

    (Universidad de la República, Uruguay)

Abstract

This paper aims at explaining the long-run inflation of Uruguay (1870-2010). A monetary inflation model is used based on the assumption that the long-run inflation results from the equilibrium conditions in the money market. A forward-looking Phillips curve is estimated where the inflation expectations are explained by the core money growth, which is defined as the growth of long-lasting component of nominal money supply that exceeds the long-run increase of the real money demand, this last one determined by the change of the potential output (output adjusted core money, OACM). The results show a positive and significant impact of OACM on inflation. Although in the short run it cannot be rejected that this effect is similar than the others, in the long run OACM has a unitary impact on inflation. In addition, we compare the OACM with the effective inflation and we construct a monetization index which enables us to identify processes of “demonetization” and “monetization” that the Uruguayan economy experienced along the last 140 years.// El objetivo de este artículo es explicar el comportamiento de la inflación en Uruguay durante el largo plazo (1870-2010). Se utiliza un modelo de inflación monetaria, pues se entiende que la trayectoria de largo plazo de la inflación debería estar determinada por las condiciones de equilibrio en el mercado de dinero. Se estima una curva de Phillips del tipo forward-looking, que incluye como variable explicativa de las expectativas de inflación el crecimiento del núcleo monetario (definido como la tasa de crecimiento tendencial de la oferta nominal de dinero que excede al crecimiento de largo plazo de la demanda real de dinero, el que es guiado por la evolución del producto potencial (output adjusted core money, OACM). Se encuentra que el impacto del OACM en la inflación es positivo y significativo, aunque no se rechaza que en el corto plazo sea igual que otros efectos. Sin embargo, en el largo plazo, el OACM tiene un impacto unitario en la tasa de inflación. A partir de la comparación del OACM con la inflación, se construye un indicador de monetización que permite indagar sobre los procesos de desmonetización y remonetización que experimentó esta economía en los últimos 140 años

Suggested Citation

  • Brum, Conrado & Román, Carolina & Willebald, Henry, 2016. "Un enfoque monetario de la inflación en el largo plazo. El caso de Uruguay (1870-2010)," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(329), pages .61-98, enero-mar.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:83:y:2016:i:329:p:61-98
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v83i329.192
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Silvana Sandonato & Henry Willebald, 2018. "Natural Capital, Domestic Product and Proximate Causes of Economic Growth: Uruguay in the Long Run, 1870–2014," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-26, March.
    2. Emiliano Alvarez & Juan Gabriel Brida & Mickaela Martínez & Pablo Mones, 2022. "Análisis de redes complejas: un estudio de la inflación en Uruguay," Revista Finanzas y Politica Economica, Universidad Católica de Colombia, vol. 14(1), pages 131-166, January.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    inflación; núcleo monetario; Uruguay;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
    • N16 - Economic History - - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations - - - Latin America; Caribbean

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