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Productividad y capital humano. Fuentes complementarias de la competitividad en los estados en México.//

Author

Listed:
  • Unger, Kurt

    (Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas)

  • Flores, Diana

    (Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas)

  • Ibarra, José E.

    (Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas)

Abstract

This article estimates the level of competitiveness for the 32 federal states of Mexico taking into account production, productivity, employment and wages. There are two types of Mexican states in respect of competitiveness. The competitive states are more diversified and show higher levels of productivity and better human capital in terms of higher wages. This group comprises economically mature states such as the Federal District (known as D.?F.), Querétaro, the State of Mexico, Jalisco, and the northern border states. The other less competitive states heavily depend on just a few locally important activities, and their lack of productivity is compensated through lower salaries. Their relative backwardness is worsened by the absence of skilled labor to revert this downgrading process. The relative importance of productivity and wages by state remains constant over the period 2003-2008. In other words, productivity gains and higher salaries are consolidated and transmitted in more modern and homogeneous economic environments, creating a better-off scenario for the competitive states that is highly superior to the moderate improvements achieved by the other group of states.// Este artículo caracteriza la competitividad económica de las 32 entidades del país, destacando las actividades principales por lo que respecta al producto interno bruto, la productividad, el empleo y los salarios. El principal resultado es que hay dos tipos de entidades en cuanto a condiciones de competitividad. Aquellas más competitivas cuentan con una economía más productiva y diversificada, además de tener mayores niveles de productividad y mejor capital humano, estimado a través de mayores salarios. Se trata de entidades económicamente más maduras como el Distrito Federal, Querétaro, el Estado de México, Jalisco y los estados de la frontera norte. Las de menor competitividad dependen de pocas actividades que alcanzan una mayor importancia local e intentan compensar la falta de productividad con bajos salarios, perjudicando aún más su situación al no disponer de capital humano para revertir las tendencias. Las medidas de productividad y salarios por estado se mantienen en el mismo orden entre 2003 y 2008. En otras palabras, las ganancias de productividad y mejores salarios se consolidan y transmiten en ambientes más modernos y homogéneos, creando un mejor escenario prospectivo para las entidades competitivas muy por encima de los avances moderados de los otros estados.

Suggested Citation

  • Unger, Kurt & Flores, Diana & Ibarra, José E., 2014. "Productividad y capital humano. Fuentes complementarias de la competitividad en los estados en México.//," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(324), pages .909-941, octubre-d.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:81:y:2014:i:324:p:909-941
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v81i324.134
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    competitividad; productividad; salarios; especialización; estados.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • D24 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Production; Cost; Capital; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity; Capacity
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance
    • R12 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade (economic geography)

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