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La industria automotriz en tres regiones de México. Un análisis de clusters

Author

Listed:
  • Unger, Kurt

    (Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, CIDE)

  • Chico, Roberto

    (Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, CIDE)

Abstract

This paper analyzes the competitiveness of the automobile industry in Mexico considering three economic regions, the innovative characteristics of leading sectors, and the degree of clustering observed in the region. Substantial differences between the three regions and their states are found, some being very specialized while others more diversified. Some apparent local integrating forces emanating from the competitive supply of resource based inputs and the basis of knowledge accumulated are found in a few regions, including the still incipient supply of equipment producers. We find linkages from the automobile activities to other related industries in some regions, but in most states they remain very much confined to the assembly of finished vehicles or parts for exports without major effects to the rest of the economy. Location is due to multiple at traction factors as much as to the strategic decision making of individual firms. Comparative labour costs can not explain by themselves the choice of location. More important are competitive advantages due to labour productivity and the systemic competitiveness of integration to inputs and local capabilities.// Este trabajo analiza la competitividad de la industria automotriz mexicana conjugando la delimitación espacial de las regiones económicas, la madurez y el dinamismo de innovación de los sectores líderes, y la dinámica que confiere la integración de la red o clusters de las empresas y sectores en la localidad. El análisis muestra diferencias entre tres regiones y sus estados en cuanto a especialización y grado de diversificación, tanto en función de los recursos naturales de cada entidad como en el aprovechamiento de la experiencia industrial acumulada. En ciertos estados se perciben características de integración entre industrias que subrayan la importancia de los proveedores de equipos, insumos de la industria siderúrgica y servicios especializados para una integración más dinámica y completa entre usuarios-productores de la industria de automotores y autopartes. Algunas regiones desarrollan mayores enlaces, en tanto que otras mantienen un desarrollo de tipo enclave de las operaciones de ensamble de automóviles o una especialización en ciertas partes para ser exportadas. La localización obedece a múltiples factores de atracción y de selección estratégica por los actores o empresas específicas. Un resultado importante es reducir o matizar la importancia del costo laboral per se. El diferencial salarial no es determinante para discriminar contra la localización en determinados estados o regiones. Otras ventajas más importantes que compensan costos son la productividad y la competitividad sistémica de integración a las capacidades e insumos industriales locales.

Suggested Citation

  • Unger, Kurt & Chico, Roberto, 2004. "La industria automotriz en tres regiones de México. Un análisis de clusters," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(284), pages 909-941, octubre-d.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:71:y:2004:i:284:p:909-941
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    industria automotriz; clusters; regiones; México;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L62 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment; Related Parts and Equipment
    • R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
    • R12 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade (economic geography)

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