Author
Abstract
Since the 19th century, the specialization in and export of basic products in Latin America has not been incompatible with the creation of manufacturing industry; moreover, the path towards industrialization depended on the kind of infrastructure demanded by primary goods-exporting activity. In such an effort, the railroad was crucial,not only as a means of transporting basic products, but also as a means of transferring technology and as an industrializing agent,the reason being that railroad workshops constituted the basis of engineering industries in Latin America by 1900. That is precisely the central issue in the present study: the contribution of the railroad to the creation of a capital goods industry, through the production of cargo cars, passenger wagons and locomotives in Chile and Mexico between the years of 1860 and 1950. This study focuses on the production of rolling stock in the railroad workshops and its transit to independent factories, and questions the evidence available until now that has indicated that in the long run, the production of locomotives, cars, wagons, parts and accessories was minimal inside the Latin American industrial production, a conclusion that did not consider that every railroad contains in itself, an industrial capacity that produces metallic goods for its everyday operation,many of which did not enter in the market nor were registered in historic statistics. // Desde el siglo XIX la especialización y exportación de productos básicos en la América Latina no ha sido incompatible con la creación de una base fabril, e incluso los caminos para la industrialización dependieron del tipo de infraestructura exigida por la actividad primario-exportadora. En ello el ferrocarril fue clave no sólo como transportador de productos básicos si no también como medio de transferencia tecnológica y agente industrializador, por que los talleres ferroviarios hacia 1900 constituían las bases de industrias de ingeniería en la América Latina, lo cual es el foco de atención del presente estudio: la contribución del ferrocarril a la creación de una industria de bienes de capital, por medio de la producción de carros de carga, coches de pasajeros y locomotoras en Chile y México entre 1860 y 1950. El estudio detecta la producción de equipos rodantes en el interior de los talleres de los ferrocarriles y el tránsito hacia fabricas independientes, cuestionándose las evidencias hasta ahora disponibles que indicaban que en el largo plazo la producción de locomotoras, carros, coches, refacciones y accesorios ferroviarios fue mínima dentro de la producción industrial latinoamericana, conclusión que no consideraba que todo ferrocarril para su operación diaria contiene, en sí mismo, una capacidad industrial productora de bienes metálicos que en gran medida no entraban al mercado ni quedaron registrados en la estadística histórica.
Suggested Citation
Guajardo, Guillermo, 1998.
"Nuevos datos para un viejo debate: Los vínculos entre ferrocarriles e industrialización en Chile y México (1860-1950),"
El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 65(258), pages 213-261, abril-jun.
Handle:
RePEc:elt:journl:v:65:y:1998:i:258:p:213-261
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