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Abstract
The reasons for the external debts and the financial crack in Argentina in 1890 have been thoroughly analized. However,i t has not been the same with the shock that this phenomenon has caused in the banking structure. The purpose of this essay is to answer the enquires referred to the theory and risky factors of credit portfolio, examining the issue system, deposits and discounts in the case of the Buenos Aires Province Bank. This choice has been made for the only reason that such establishment is considered to be the oldest bank of issue, deposits and discounts, and it also contains important documentation that has not been studied appropriately. This analysis has paid special attention on some aspects not necessarily connected with the development of the credit theory on the one hand, by means of letters discounts and other commercial documentation; and on the issuing of notes on the other hand,investigating at the same time the contradictions that cropped up when the guarantee banks system was implemented. It would be convenient to encourage similar essays in the other banking establishments. This strategy would be an important issue not only for the establishment itself, but also for the general economic history.// Las razones del endeudamiento externo y el crack financiero de 1890 en la Argentina han sido analizados suficientemente, sin embargo no ha sucedido así con el efecto que este fenómeno produjo en la estructura bancaria. Este ensayo se propone responder a interrogantes referidos a la teoría y a los factores de riesgo de carteras crediticias, examinando el modelo del sistema de emisión, depósitos y descuentos en el caso del Banco de la Provincia de Buenos Aires y en el marco de la crisis más importante del siglo pasado en la Argentina. La elección, lejos de ser arbitraria, ha partido del justificado motivo de ser el establecimiento en análisis, el paradigma del más antiguo banco de emisión, depósitos y descuentos y que cuenta además con una importante documentación aún no estudiada adecuadamente. Este análisis ha tratado de detenerse incluso en aspectos no siempre conocidos en relación con la evolución de la teoría del crédito por un lado, mediante los descuentos de letras y otros documentos comerciales, y las emisiones de billetes por el otro, indagando igualmente las contradicciones sugeridas al implantarse el sistema de bancos garantidos. Queda subyacente la inquietud de impulsar a ensayos semejantes en otros establecimientos bancarios, lo que sería un importante aporte incluso para la historia económica general.
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