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La relación de largo plazo entre el ahorro y la inversión en la América Latina

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  • Cáceres, Luis René

    (Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo)

Abstract

International capital mobility is a topic that has received considerable attention in recent years. In a recent study published in EL TRIMESTRE ECONÓMICO, J.F. cointegration Bellod Redondo applied the Eagle-Granger method to test for the existence of cointegration between savings and investment rates for a sample of Latin American countries. The author did not find evidence of cointegration in the majority of cases, which was interpreted as evidence that region is open to capital movility. However, given the bivariate nature nature of his analysis, the author may have omitted variables that are necessary to detect one or more cointegration vectors. In this paper, cointegration is analyzed by Johansen’s multivariate approach applied to ha vector composed of private and public investment, national savings, money supply and inflow of external resources. Results indicate that in the eight countries under study, there exists a long- term association among these variables. Moreover, error correction models were estimated for the cases of El Salvador and Guatemala and it was found that private investment is exogenous, while external resources crowd out money and national savings. The result that net capital inflows are Granger caused by investment does not permit marking any inference about capital mobility, but indicates that the inflows of external resources are determinedby the public sector’s negotiations whit foreign creditors to finance its public investment programs whit external savings.// La movilidad internacional del capital es un tema que ha recibido considerable atención en la bibliografía de las ciencias económicas. En un estudio reciente publicado en EL TRIMETRE ECONÓMICO J.F. Bellod Redondo empleó el método de Tagle-Granger para estimar la relación de cointegración entre el ahorro y la inversión en un grupo de países de América Latina. El autor no encontro evidencia de cointegración en la mayoría de los países, por lo que concluyó que no existe una relación de largo plazo entre el ahorro y la inversión. Una limitante de este enfoque es que el autor puede haber omitido variables que son necesarias para detectar uno o varios vectores de cointegración. En este trabajo la existencia de cointegración se analiza por medio del método de Johansen aplicado a un vector compuesto por las variables inversión privada y pública, ahorro nacional, oferta monetaria y entrada de recursos externos. Los resultados indican que en los ocho países de la muestra existe una relación de largo plazo entre estas variables. Asimismo para los casos de Guatemala y el Salvador se estimaron modelos de corrección de errores y se encontró que en ambos países la inversión privada es exógena, mientras que los recursos externos desplazan la oferta monetaria y el ahorro nacional. El resultado de que la entrada de recursos externos es causada, en el sentido de Granger, por la inversión no permite concluir que en estos países existe movilidad internacional del capital, si no que los recursos externos son resultado de negociaciones del sector público para financiar los programas de inversión.

Suggested Citation

  • Cáceres, Luis René, 1997. "La relación de largo plazo entre el ahorro y la inversión en la América Latina," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 64(255), pages 305-317, julio-sep.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:64:y:1997:i:255:p:305-317
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    References listed on IDEAS

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