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COVID-19 impact on essential and non-essential business in the EU

Author

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  • Douglas MacLean

Abstract

At EU level, the European Central Bank (Pandemic Emergency Purchase Programme, Monetary policy package), the European Investment Bank (Emergency package, Pan-European guarantee fund), the Council of Ministers and the European Commission have taken various measures to support COVID-19-affected workers and companies. Both the support and exposere to pandemic differs between those being designated as an essential or non-essential. We examine the extent to which being designated as an essential or non-essential worker impacts one’s risk of being COVID-positive following the non-essential business closure order in EU Member States. Using individual-level survey data and a difference-in-differences framework, we estimate that workers designated as essential have a 64.5% higher likelihood of being positive for COVID-19 than those classified as non-essential.

Suggested Citation

  • Douglas MacLean, 2020. "COVID-19 impact on essential and non-essential business in the EU," Journal of Economics and Econometrics, Economics and Econometrics Society, vol. 63(3), pages 68-83.
    • Handle: RePEc:eei:journl:v:63:y:2020:i:3:p:68-83
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    COVID-19; essential business; non-essential business;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H75 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Government: Health, Education, and Welfare
    • I12 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Behavior
    • I14 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health and Inequality
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J68 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Public Policy

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