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Impact of civil conflict on household energy choices: Implications for the clean energy transition

Author

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  • Subedi, Mukti Nath
  • Rafiq, Shuddhasattwa
  • Zhang, Lin

Abstract

Achieving universal access to clean energy requires a transition from high-carbon-intensive fuels to less carbon-intensive options. However, several factors can prevent countries and households from reaching this goal. One such barrier is the impact of civil conflict on households’ clean energy choices. This study looks at how Nepal’s decade-long civil conflict between 1996 and 2006 affected household access to clean lighting and cooking fuels. Our findings show that higher levels of conflict intensity decrease the likelihood of households having access to clean energy sources. Further, we propose household income loss, market and infrastructure destruction, and resource shifts towards defence are possible mechanisms through which conflict affects household clean fuel choices. This result reveals the important, but often overlooked, negative effect of civil conflict on the clean energy transition in developing countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Subedi, Mukti Nath & Rafiq, Shuddhasattwa & Zhang, Lin, 2025. "Impact of civil conflict on household energy choices: Implications for the clean energy transition," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:wdevel:v:189:y:2025:i:c:s0305750x25000051
    DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106922
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Civil conflict; Household energy choice; Clean energy transition;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D22 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
    • D73 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption
    • P48 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Other Economic Systems - - - Legal Institutions; Property Rights; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Regional Studies

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