Port shipping connectivity as a new driver of urban exports in the context of dual circulation: Evidence from China

In the context of frequent uncertainty risks in the international environment, ports play an increasingly important role in regional export growth. This paper innovatively examines the impact of port shipping connectivity on urban exports from the perspective of microeconomic entities participating in international and domestic circulations. By employing theoretical mechanisms and econometric models, this study explores the impact, channels, moderating effects, and heterogeneity of port shipping connectivity on urban exports. The empirical analysis is based on panel data from 33 ports and 144 hinterland cities in China, covering the period from 2007 to 2021. The findings indicate that improvements in port shipping connectivity drive urban export growth. Domestic and international circulations serve as the channels. Furthermore, the impact of port shipping connectivity on urban exports varies depending on several factors, including production capacity, customs clearance costs, development periods, hinterland types, regional distribution, port ranking, and city ranking. Our research provides policy implications for both central and local governments in China. In summary, local governments, supported and guided by the central government, should promote healthy competition among ports and strengthen coordination between ports and cities.