IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/trapol/v116y2022icp217-236.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Physical distancing on public transport in Mumbai, India: Policy and planning implications for unlock and post-pandemic period

Author

Listed:
  • Thomas, Neenu
  • Jana, Arnab
  • Bandyopadhyay, Santanu

Abstract

COVID-19 outbreak affected the daily lives of people around the globe, and authorities proposed numerous interventions to make activity participation and traveling safer during the pandemic period. This study investigates the potential implication of such interventions on executing physical distancing on public transport in Mumbai, India. The study reviews the demand-supply gap of public transport during the pre-pandemic and pandemic period and evaluates the challenges in practicing physical distancing with the short-term interventions, such as lockdown guidelines at different phases and long-term interventions, such as flexible work arrangements, on public transport. The study findings indicate that physical distancing on public transport is difficult to achieve at peak hours, even with the very high travel restrictions and lockdown measures, unless flexible work arrangements are implemented. The flexible work arrangements, such as staggered working hours and work from home, can significantly reduce peak-hour demand and total excess demand without altering the supply pattern. The study can guide in constituting transport and broader policy decisions, including developing low-risk public transport for the post-pandemic period.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas, Neenu & Jana, Arnab & Bandyopadhyay, Santanu, 2022. "Physical distancing on public transport in Mumbai, India: Policy and planning implications for unlock and post-pandemic period," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 217-236.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:trapol:v:116:y:2022:i:c:p:217-236
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.12.001
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967070X21003541
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.12.001?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. S.S.V. Subbarao & K.V.K. Rao, 2014. "Characteristics of household activity and travel patterns in the Mumbai metropolitan region," Transportation Planning and Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(5), pages 484-504, July.
    2. Rode, Philipp & Floater, Graham & Thomopoulos, Nikolas & Docherty, James & Schwinger, Peter & Mahendra, Anjali & Fang, Wanli, 2014. "Accessibility in cities: transport and urban form," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 60477, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    3. Vanessa Stjernborg & Ola Mattisson, 2016. "The Role of Public Transport in Society—A Case Study of General Policy Documents in Sweden," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(11), pages 1-16, November.
    4. Beck, Matthew J. & Hensher, David A., 2020. "Insights into the impact of COVID-19 on household travel and activities in Australia – The early days under restrictions," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 76-93.
    5. Atangana, Abdon, 2020. "Modelling the spread of COVID-19 with new fractal-fractional operators: Can the lockdown save mankind before vaccination?," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    6. Prasanta K. Sahu & Gajanand Sharma & Anirban Guharoy, 2018. "Commuter travel cost estimation at different levels of crowding in a suburban rail system: a case study of Mumbai," Public Transport, Springer, vol. 10(3), pages 379-398, December.
    7. Baker, Judy & Basu, Rakhi & Cropper, Maureen & Lall, Somik & Takeuchi, Akie, 2005. "Urban poverty and transport : the case of Mumbai," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3693, The World Bank.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sharma, Gajanand & Patil, Gopal R., 2024. "Urban spatial structure and equity for urban services through the lens of accessibility," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 72-90.
    2. Lukas Spengler & Eva Gößwein & Ingmar Kranefeld & Magnus Liebherr & Frédéric Etienne Kracht & Dieter Schramm & Marc Gennat, 2023. "From Modeling to Optimizing Sustainable Public Transport: A New Methodological Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-17, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Shelat, Sanmay & Cats, Oded & van Cranenburgh, Sander, 2022. "Traveller behaviour in public transport in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 357-371.
    2. Varghese, Varun & Jana, Arnab, 2019. "Interrelationships between ICT, social disadvantage, and activity participation behaviour: A case of Mumbai, India," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 248-267.
    3. Tscharaktschiew, Stefan & Reimann, Felix, 2021. "On employer-paid parking and parking (cash-out) policy: A formal synthesis of different perspectives," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 499-516.
    4. Molloy, Joseph & Schatzmann, Thomas & Schoeman, Beaumont & Tchervenkov, Christopher & Hintermann, Beat & Axhausen, Kay W., 2021. "Observed impacts of the Covid-19 first wave on travel behaviour in Switzerland based on a large GPS panel," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 43-51.
    5. Kim, Suji & Lee, Sujin & Ko, Eunjeong & Jang, Kitae & Yeo, Jiho, 2021. "Changes in car and bus usage amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Relationship with land use and land price," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    6. Sabina Alkire & Maria Emma Santos, 2010. "Acute Multidimensional Poverty: A New Index for Developing Countries," Human Development Research Papers (2009 to present) HDRP-2010-11, Human Development Report Office (HDRO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
    7. Steve Harris & Jan Weinzettel & Gregor Levin, 2020. "Implications of Low Carbon City Sustainability Strategies for 2050," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-23, July.
    8. Kutzbach, Mark J., 2009. "Motorization in developing countries: Causes, consequences, and effectiveness of policy options," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(2), pages 154-166, March.
    9. Ghada Alturif & Wafaa Saleh, 2023. "Attitudes and Behaviour towards More Sustainable Travel Options in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An Emerging Social Change?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-19, August.
    10. Christian Martin Mützel & Joachim Scheiner, 2022. "Investigating spatio-temporal mobility patterns and changes in metro usage under the impact of COVID-19 using Taipei Metro smart card data," Public Transport, Springer, vol. 14(2), pages 343-366, June.
    11. Floater, Graham & Rode, Philipp & Robert, Alexis & Kennedy, Chris & Hoornweg, Dan & Slavcheva, Roxana & Godfrey, Nick, 2014. "Cities and the New Climate Economy: the transformative role of global urban growth," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 60775, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    12. Mehmood, Ammara & Raja, Muhammad Asif Zahoor, 2022. "Fuzzy-weighted differential evolution computing paradigm for fractional order nonlinear wiener systems," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    13. Denant-Boemont, Laurent & Gaigné, Carl & Gaté, Romain, 2018. "Urban spatial structure, transport-related emissions and welfare," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 29-45.
    14. Shiqi Zhang & Tianwei Sun & Yuan Lu, 2023. "The COVID-19 Pandemic and Tourists’ Risk Perceptions: Tourism Policies’ Mediating Role in Sustainable and Resilient Recovery in the New Normal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-20, January.
    15. Mallika Arjunan, M. & Abdeljawad, Thabet & Kavitha, V. & Yousef, Ali, 2021. "On a new class of Atangana-Baleanu fractional Volterra-Fredholm integro-differential inclusions with non-instantaneous impulses," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    16. Nima Dadashzadeh & Taimaz Larimian & Ulysse Levifve & Rok Marsetič, 2022. "Travel Behaviour of Vulnerable Social Groups: Pre, during, and Post COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-18, August.
    17. Shuai Yu & Bin Li & Dongmei Liu, 2023. "Exploring the Public Health of Travel Behaviors in High-Speed Railway Environment during the COVID-19 Pandemic from the Perspective of Trip Chain: A Case Study of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Urban Agglomera," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-22, January.
    18. Muhammad, Yasir & Khan, Nusrat & Awan, Saeed Ehsan & Raja, Muhammad Asif Zahoor & Chaudhary, Naveed Ishtiaq & Kiani, Adiqa Kausar & Ullah, Farman & Shu, Chi-Min, 2022. "Fractional memetic computing paradigm for reactive power management involving wind-load chaos and uncertainties," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    19. Zhang, Xiang & Li, Wence, 2023. "Effects of a bike sharing system and COVID-19 on low-carbon traffic modal shift and emission reduction," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 42-64.
    20. van Wee, Bert & Witlox, Frank, 2021. "COVID-19 and its long-term effects on activity participation and travel behaviour: A multiperspective view," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:trapol:v:116:y:2022:i:c:p:217-236. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/30473/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.