Green supply chain planning considering consumer’s transportation process

This article addresses a product delivery and store network layout strategy problem considering not only firms’ but also consumers’ cost. The study presents several mathematical programming models to minimize the cost or maximize the profit. Then, we design a two-step solution method for exact solutions and present an implementation. The results show that a carbon cap will do more good than harm for the environment. Trying to minimize the cost from both sides will not only improve the efficiency of social resource use but also enable stores to attract more consumers. Limiting emissions for firms will result in significant emissions reduction without an excessive cost increase.