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Mycobacterial ecology as a modulator of tuberculosis vaccine success

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  • Mantilla-Beniers, N.B.
  • Gomes, M.G.M.

Abstract

Natural infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as cross-immune reactions with the constituent of standard vaccines, attenuated M. bovis, and other species of mycobacteria confer partial immunity to subsequent M. tuberculosis infection. It has been shown in the past that the immune response to mycobacteria found naturally in the environment reduces the benefit of vaccination as assessed by means of vaccine efficacy. In this paper we show that efficacy is a poor measure of the potential success of new anti-tuberculous vaccines due to its inability to account for the relative weight of reinfection in disease dynamics. We advocate instead the use of vaccine effectiveness when evaluating the impact of new control methods against infections that confer partial immunity. Through the study of a simple model that incorporates cross-reactive responses to environmental mycobacteria (EM) and reinfection, we show how the particulars of the relation between EM abundance and vaccine effectiveness depend on the degree of protection conferred respectively by natural infection, vaccination and EM. The relative importance of reinfection as a transmission mechanism comes up as the most important source of variability in vaccine effectiveness. Our results suggest that control efforts should be placed in reducing the importance of reinfection through diminishing transmission rates. Vaccines that overcome preexisting immunity to other mycobacteria will still have varying degrees of success depending on the underlying rate of TB transmission.

Suggested Citation

  • Mantilla-Beniers, N.B. & Gomes, M.G.M., 2009. "Mycobacterial ecology as a modulator of tuberculosis vaccine success," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 75(2), pages 142-152.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:thpobi:v:75:y:2009:i:2:p:142-152
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2009.01.006
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Villavicencio-Pulido, Geiser & Barradas, Ignacio, 2008. "Latency and quarantine vs. backward bifurcation," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 214(1), pages 59-64.
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    Cited by:

    1. Li, Yong & Liu, Xianning & Yuan, Yiyi & Li, Jiang & Wang, Lianwen, 2022. "Global analysis of tuberculosis dynamical model and optimal control strategies based on case data in the United States," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 422(C).

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