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Social inequality and ethnic differences in smoking in New Zealand

Author

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  • Barnett, Ross
  • Moon, Graham
  • Kearns, Robin

Abstract

This study tests a generalisation of the 'Wilkinson' thesis that the greater a nation's income inequality, the poorer the average national health status. We consider the effect of socio-economic inequality upon ethnic variations in smoking in New Zealand. Analysis of Maori and Pakeha (New Zealanders of European descent) smoking rates from the 1996 Census is conducted for 73 Territorial Local Authority areas in New Zealand, disaggregated by gender and rural-urban location. Partial correlation is used to control for absolute levels of deprivation and examine the independent effect of ethnic social inequality upon smoking rates. The level of social inequality between Maori and Pakeha has an independent effect on Maori smoking rates. Pakeha smoking rates by contrast are more sensitive to variations in absolute rather than relative deprivation. The effect of inequality is greatest for Maori women, especially among urban residents. By contrast, among Maori men the effects are greatest in rural areas. The results provide some qualified support for the Wilkinson thesis and suggest that policies which address fundamental issues of social inequality will play a small, but significant, role in helping to reduce high smoking rates amongst Maori.

Suggested Citation

  • Barnett, Ross & Moon, Graham & Kearns, Robin, 2004. "Social inequality and ethnic differences in smoking in New Zealand," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 59(1), pages 129-143, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:59:y:2004:i:1:p:129-143
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Blakely, Tony & Tobias, Martin & Robson, Bridget & Ajwani, Shilpi & Bonné, Martin & Woodward, Alistair, 2005. "Widening ethnic mortality disparities in New Zealand 1981-99," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 61(10), pages 2233-2251, November.
    2. Kabir Dasgupta & Linda Kirkpatrick & Alexander Plum, 2024. "Parental Employment at the Onset of the Pandemic: Effects of Lockdowns and Government Policies," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2024-012, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    3. Sakketa, T.G., 2018. "Relative Deprivation in Income, Assets, and Social Capital: Motivational and Deterrent Impacts on the Well-Being of Rural Youth," 2018 Conference, July 28-August 2, 2018, Vancouver, British Columbia 277116, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    4. Carolina Bruzzi & Enrico Ivaldi & Stefano Landi, 2020. "Non-compensatory aggregation method to measure social and material deprivation in an urban area: relationship with premature mortality," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 21(3), pages 381-396, April.
    5. Enrico Ivaldi, 2016. "Material and social deprivation in Italy: an analysis on a regional basis," Eastern European Business and Economics Journal, Eastern European Business and Economics Studies Centre, vol. 2(3), pages 248-268.
    6. Cinzia Novi & Rowena Jacobs & Matteo Migheli, 2020. "Smoking inequality across genders and socio-economic positions. Evidence from Italian data," Journal of Bioeconomics, Springer, vol. 22(3), pages 177-203, October.
    7. repec:vuw:vuwcpf:3497 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Kabir Dasgupta & Linda Kirkpatrick & Alexander Plum, 2024. "Parental Employment at the Onset of the Pandemic: Effects of Lockdowns and Government Policies," Working Papers 2024-02, Auckland University of Technology, Department of Economics.
    9. Franzini, Luisa & Caughy, Margaret & Spears, William & Eugenia Fernandez Esquer, Maria, 2005. "Neighborhood economic conditions, social processes, and self-rated health in low-income neighborhoods in Texas: A multilevel latent variables model," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 61(6), pages 1135-1150, September.
    10. Barnett, Ross & Pearce, Jamie & Moon, Graham, 2005. "Does social inequality matter? Changing ethnic socio-economic disparities and Maori smoking in New Zealand, 1981-1996," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 60(7), pages 1515-1526, April.
    11. Nihaya Daoud & Ye Eun Jung & Ahmad Sheikh Muhammad & Ruth Weinstein & Amir Qaadny & Faten Ghattas & Mohammad Khatib & Itamar Grotto, 2018. "Facilitators and barriers to smoking cessation among minority men using the behavioral-ecological model and Behavior Change Wheel: A concept mapping study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(10), pages 1-26, October.
    12. Sakketa Tekalign Gutu & Gerber Nicolas, 2018. "Working Paper 296 - Relative Deprivation and Well-Being of the Rural Youth," Working Paper Series 2423, African Development Bank.
    13. Marta Santagata & Pietro Stanislao Parisi & Enrico Ivaldi, 2016. "An Analysis of Health Differentials in the Italian Regions: What Relationship with the Average Disposable Income?," Journal of Empirical Economics, Research Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 5(3), pages 139-152.
    14. Cinzi Di Novi & Rowena Jacobs & Matteo Migheli, 2018. "Smoking Inequality across Genders and Socio-economic Classes. Evidence from Longitudinal Italian Data," DEM Working Papers Series 152, University of Pavia, Department of Economics and Management.
    15. Anthony John O’Brien & Robert Kydd & Christopher Frampton, 2012. "Social deprivation and use of mental health legislation in New Zealand," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 58(6), pages 581-586, November.
    16. Graham Moon & Ross Barnett & Jamie Pearce, 2010. "Ethnic Spatial Segregation and Tobacco Consumption: A Multilevel Repeated Cross-Sectional Analysis of Smoking Prevalence in Urban New Zealand, 1981–1996," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 42(2), pages 469-486, February.
    17. Adjaye-Gbewonyo, Kafui & Kawachi, Ichiro, 2012. "Use of the Yitzhaki Index as a test of relative deprivation for health outcomes: A review of recent literature," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 75(1), pages 129-137.
    18. Poeran, Jashvant & Maas, Arno F.G. & Birnie, Erwin & Denktas, Semiha & Steegers, Eric A.P. & Bonsel, Gouke J., 2013. "Social deprivation and adverse perinatal outcomes among Western and non-Western pregnant women in a Dutch urban population," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 42-49.

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