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Investigating socio-economic explanations for gender and ethnic inequalities in health

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  • Cooper, Helen

Abstract

This paper examines inequalities in the self-reported health of men and women from white and minority ethnic groups in the UK using representative data from the Health Survey for England, 1993-1996. The results show substantially poorer health among all minority ethnic groups compared to whites of working-age. The absence of gender inequality in health among white adults contrasts with higher morbidity for many minority ethnic women compared to men in the same ethnic group. The analysis addresses whether socio-economic inequality is a potential explanation for this pattern of health inequality using measures of educational level, employment status, occupational social class and material deprivation. There are marked socio-economic differences according to gender and ethnic group; high morbidity is concentrated among adults who are most socio-economically disadvantaged, notably Pakistanis and Bangladeshis. Logistic regression analyses show that socio-economic inequality can account for a sizeable proportion of the health disadvantage experienced by minority ethnic men and women, but gender inequality in minority ethnic health remains after adjusting for socio-economic characteristics.

Suggested Citation

  • Cooper, Helen, 2002. "Investigating socio-economic explanations for gender and ethnic inequalities in health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 54(5), pages 693-706, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:54:y:2002:i:5:p:693-706
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    Cited by:

    1. Weden, Margaret M & Astone, Nan M & Bishai, David, 2006. "Racial, ethnic, and gender differences in smoking cessation associated with employment and joblessness through young adulthood in the US," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 62(2), pages 303-316, January.
    2. Dai Binh Tran, 2022. "Health Benefits of Education: Comparative Evidence from Vietnam and Thailand," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(2), pages 21582440221, April.
    3. Daniel J. Graham & Emma J. McCoy & David A. Stephens, 2013. "Quantifying the effect of area deprivation on child pedestrian casualties by using longitudinal mixed models to adjust for confounding, interference and spatial dependence," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 176(4), pages 931-950, October.
    4. Sónia Dias & Ana Gama & Maria O. Martins, 2013. "Health status and preventative behaviors of immigrants by gender and origin: A Portuguese cross‐sectional study," Nursing & Health Sciences, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 15(3), pages 309-317, September.
    5. Booth, Alison L. & Carroll, Nick, 2005. "The Health Status of Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australians," IZA Discussion Papers 1534, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    6. Signe Nielsen & Allan Krasnik, 2010. "Poorer self-perceived health among migrants and ethnic minorities versus the majority population in Europe: a systematic review," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 55(5), pages 357-371, October.
    7. Read, Jen'nan Ghazal & Gorman, Bridget K., 2006. "Gender inequalities in US adult health: The interplay of race and ethnicity," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 62(5), pages 1045-1065, March.
    8. Mohamed Ismail, 2023. "The Effect of Social Contacts on the Uptake of Health Innovations among Older Ethnic Minorities in the UK: A Mixed Methods Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-19, July.
    9. Booth, Alison L. & Carroll, Nick, 2008. "Economic status and the Indigenous/non-Indigenous health gap," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 99(3), pages 604-606, June.
    10. Verena Krobisch & Pimrapat Gebert & Kübra Gül & Liane Schenk, 2021. "Women bear a burden: gender differences in health of older migrants from Turkey," European Journal of Ageing, Springer, vol. 18(4), pages 467-478, December.
    11. Eleonora Trappolini & Cristina Giudici, 2021. "Gendering health differences between nonmigrants and migrants by duration of stay in Italy," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 45(7), pages 221-258.
    12. Alison Booth & Nick Carroll, 2005. "Overcrowding and Indigenous Health in Australia," CEPR Discussion Papers 498, Centre for Economic Policy Research, Research School of Economics, Australian National University.
    13. Cecilie Dinesen & Signe Nielsen & Laust Mortensen & Allan Krasnik, 2011. "Inequality in self-rated health among immigrants, their descendants and ethnic Danes: examining the role of socioeconomic position," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 56(5), pages 503-514, October.
    14. Nguyen, Canh Phuc, 2022. "Uncertainty and gender inequality: A global investigation," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 31-47.
    15. Oksuzyan, Anna & Dańko, Maciej J. & Caputo, Jennifer & Jasilionis, Domantas & Shkolnikov, Vladimir M., 2019. "Is the story about sensitive women and stoical men true? Gender differences in health after adjustment for reporting behavior," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 41-50.
    16. Wang, Lu & Rosenberg, Mark & Lo, Lucia, 2008. "Ethnicity and utilization of family physicians: A case study of Mainland Chinese immigrants in Toronto, Canada," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 67(9), pages 1410-1422, November.
    17. Bilecen, Başak & Vacca, Raffaele, 2021. "The isolation paradox: A comparative study of social support and health across migrant generations in the U.S," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).

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