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The determinants of infant mortality in Pakistan

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  • Agha, Sohail

Abstract

This study examines factors associated with infant survival in Pakistan. It uses data from the Pakistan Integrated Household Survey 1991, a nationally representative sample survey of the Government of Pakistan, funded by the World Bank. The infant mortality rate was still very high in Pakistan until the early 1990s, at 100 deaths per 1000 live births. The study shows that there is no evidence of a secular decline in infant mortality during the 1980s. Large differentials in infant survival by socio-economic factors and access to water and sanitation indicate that social and gender inequities are the underlying cause of the stagnation of infant mortality in Pakistan. Economic and social policies of earlier decades have resulted in tremendous disparities in wealth and access to resources in Pakistan. The low social, economic and legal status of women is intimately tied to the well-being of their children. Health interventions in Pakistan should be designed to reach the most under-served: women and children. Systematic evaluations of health interventions will be necessary to make informed decisions about health investments in the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Agha, Sohail, 2000. "The determinants of infant mortality in Pakistan," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 51(2), pages 199-208, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:51:y:2000:i:2:p:199-208
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    Cited by:

    1. Hiroyuki Yamada & Tien Manh Vu, 2024. "Do Toilets Save Young Children�fs Lives? Evidence from Cambodia," Keio-IES Discussion Paper Series 2024-007, Institute for Economics Studies, Keio University.
    2. Rania Roushdy, 2004. "Intrahousehold Resource Allocation in Egypt: Does Women’s Empowerment Lead to Greater Investments in Children?," Working Papers 0410, Economic Research Forum, revised 01 2004.
    3. Mallesh Ummalla & Asharani Samal & Abdulrasheed Zakari & Sathu Lingamurthy, 2022. "The effect of sanitation and safe drinking water on child mortality and life expectancy: Evidence from a global sample of 100 countries," Australian Economic Papers, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 61(4), pages 778-797, December.
    4. Debabrata Mukhopadhyay & Nityananda Sarkar, 2021. "Variation in neonatal mortality rates and its socio-economic determinants in South Asian countries," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 1(6), pages 1-18, June.
    5. Hafiz Ghulam Mujaddad & Mumtaz Anwar, 2022. "Spatial Analysis of Socioeconomic Inequality of Opportunity in Access to Skilled Birth Attendant in Punjab, Pakistan," Journal of Economic Impact, Science Impact Publishers, vol. 4(1), pages 88-98.
    6. Mamoon, Dawood & Arshed, Noman & Raza, Sidra, 2015. "Investments in Health and Education Help Save Lives," MPRA Paper 82495, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Biswajit Mandal, 2015. "Demand for maternal health inputs in West Bengal-Inference from NFHS 3 in India," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 35(4), pages 2685-2700.
    8. Social Policy and Population Section, Social Development Division, ESCAP., 2003. "Asia-Pacific Population Journal Volume 18, No. 1," Asia-Pacific Population Journal, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), vol. 18(1), pages 1-78, November.
    9. Aboaba, K. O. & Oyekale, T. O. & Adewuyi, S. A. & Adigbo, S. O., 2019. "Determinants of burden of disease among rice farming households in Ogun state, Nigeria," Asian Journal of Agriculture and rural Development, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 9(2), pages 264-273, December.
    10. Ali, Amjad & Bibi, Chan, 2016. "Determinants of Social Progress and its Scenarios under the role of Macroeconomic Instability: Empirics from Pakistan," MPRA Paper 72920, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Anh M. Ly & Hayley Pierce & Michael R. Cope, 2022. "Revisiting the Impact of Clean Water and Improved Sanitation on Child Mortality: Implications for Sustainable Development Goals," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-12, July.
    12. Aboaba, K. O. & Oyekale, T. O. & Adewuyi, S. A. & Adigbo, S. O., 2019. "Determinants of Burden of Disease Among Rice Farming Households in Ogun State, Nigeria," Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, Asian Economic and Social Society (AESS), vol. 9(02), January.
    13. Wang, Shaobin & Wu, Jun, 2020. "Spatial heterogeneity of the associations of economic and health care factors with infant mortality in China using geographically weighted regression and spatial clustering," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 263(C).
    14. Mandal, Biswajit, 2015. "Demand for Maternal health inputs in West Bengal-Inference from NFHS 3," MPRA Paper 68224, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Ricardo Fuentes, Tobias Pfütze and Papa Seck, 2006. "Does Access to Water and Sanitation Affect Child Survival? A Five Country Analysis," Human Development Occasional Papers (1992-2007) HDOCPA-2006-04, Human Development Report Office (HDRO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

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