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Workforce diversity: implications for the effectiveness of health care delivery teams

Author

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  • Dreachslin, Janice L.
  • Hunt, Portia L.
  • Sprainer, Elaine

Abstract

This paper examines the implications of racial diversity for the self-perceived communication effectiveness of nursing care teams. An RN leads the nursing care team (NCT) and delivers care in collaboration with two or more nonlicensed caregivers. Overlap is intentionally designed into the roles of NCT members and the range of duties the team performs is generally expanded to include functions previously performed by personnel from centralized departments. NCTs are highly reliant on mutual respect and effective communication among team members. Team conflict and miscommunication can be exacerbated by the strong correlation between role on the nursing care team (NCT) and race. Verbatim transcripts of fourteen focus groups from two study hospitals were used to develop a grounded theory of the role that race plays in the self-perceived communication effectiveness of nursing care teams. Two themes that emerged from the focus group discussions constitute the overarching framework within which racially diverse team members evaluate team communication effectiveness: different perspectives and alternative realities. Three additional themes, social isolation, selective perception and stereotypes, that serve as reinforcing factors were also identified, i.e., these factors deepen the conflict and dissatisfaction with team communication that occurs as a natural consequence of the overarching framework of different perspectives and alternative realities. Leadership emerged as a powerful mitigating factor in the model of how race influences the self-perceived communication effectiveness of nursing care teams. Leaders who can transcend racial identity as evidenced by the ability to validate alternative realities and appreciate different perspectives appear to moderate the potential negative effects of racial diversity on team communication processes and strengthen the positive aspects of diversity.

Suggested Citation

  • Dreachslin, Janice L. & Hunt, Portia L. & Sprainer, Elaine, 2000. "Workforce diversity: implications for the effectiveness of health care delivery teams," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 50(10), pages 1403-1414, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:50:y:2000:i:10:p:1403-1414
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Aalto, Anna-Mari & Heponiemi, Tarja & Väänänen, Ari & Bergbom, Barbara & Sinervo, Timo & Elovainio, Marko, 2014. "Is working in culturally diverse working environment associated with physicians’ work-related well-being? A cross-sectional survey study among Finnish physicians," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 117(2), pages 187-194.
    2. Lionel P. Robert Jr & Alan R. Dennis & Manju K. Ahuja, 2018. "Differences are Different: Examining the Effects of Communication Media on the Impacts of Racial and Gender Diversity in Decision-Making Teams," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 29(3), pages 525-545, September.
    3. Finn, Rachael & Learmonth, Mark & Reedy, Patrick, 2010. "Some unintended effects of teamwork in healthcare," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 70(8), pages 1148-1154, April.
    4. Rapp, Thomas & Sicsic, Jonathan, 2020. "The contribution of the immigrant population to the U.S. long-term care workforce," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 263(C).
    5. Eric Molleman, 2005. "Diversity in Demographic Characteristics, Abilities and Personality Traits: Do Faultlines Affect Team Functioning?," Group Decision and Negotiation, Springer, vol. 14(3), pages 173-193, May.
    6. Se Ok Ohr & Sarah Jeong & Vicki Parker & Margaret McMillan, 2014. "Organizational support in the recruitment and transition of overseas‐qualified nurses: Lessons learnt from a study tour," Nursing & Health Sciences, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 16(2), pages 255-261, June.
    7. Liberati, Elisa Giulia & Gorli, Mara & Scaratti, Giuseppe, 2016. "Invisible walls within multidisciplinary teams: Disciplinary boundaries and their effects on integrated care," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 31-39.

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