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Consumer awareness and ex-ante versus ex-post environmental policies revisited

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  • Lian, Xubei
  • Gong, Qiang
  • Wang, Leonard F.S.

Abstract

In this paper, we re-investigate the strategic environmental policies in a free entry oligopoly. We consider two scenarios in which the government chooses the optimal level of tax before or after firms enter the market. We find that in both cases, the emission tax/subsidy could be provided and the optimal level of tax is always less than the marginal environmental damage. The most important result is that, regardless of the degree of the consumers’ environmental cognition, the ex-post taxation case yields a lower level of tax and a larger number of firms than does ex-ante taxation. Our results have important implications on competition and environmental policies.

Suggested Citation

  • Lian, Xubei & Gong, Qiang & Wang, Leonard F.S., 2018. "Consumer awareness and ex-ante versus ex-post environmental policies revisited," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 68-77.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:reveco:v:55:y:2018:i:c:p:68-77
    DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2018.01.014
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    8. Pal, Rupayan & Saha, Bibhas, 2015. "Pollution tax, partial privatization and environment," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 19-35.
    9. Beladi, Hamid & Chao, Chi-Chur, 2006. "Does privatization improve the environment?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 93(3), pages 343-347, December.
    10. Xu, Lili & Lee, Sang-Ho & Matsumura, Toshihiro, 2017. "Ex-ante versus ex-post privatization policies with foreign penetration in free-entry mixed markets," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 1-7.
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    Cited by:

    1. Chen, Jiaqi & Lee, Sang-Ho, 2020. "Endogenous timing game with R&D decisions and output subsidies," MPRA Paper 99503, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Xu, Lili & Lee, Sang-Ho, 2020. "Strategic Relations between Corporate Social Responsibility and Partial Privatization Policy with Foreign Penetration," MPRA Paper 100770, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Mariel Leal & Arturo Garcia & Sang‐Ho Lee, 2019. "Excess Burden of Taxation and Environmental Policy Mix with a Consumer‐Friendly Firm," The Japanese Economic Review, Japanese Economic Association, vol. 70(4), pages 517-536, December.
    4. Xu, Lili & Chen, Yuyan & Lee, Sang-Ho, 2022. "Emission tax and strategic environmental corporate social responsibility in a Cournot–Bertrand comparison," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    5. Xu, Lili & Lee, Sang-Ho, 2018. "Environmental policies with excess burden of taxation in free-entry mixed markets," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 1-13.
    6. Li, Kai & Qi, Shouzhou & Shi, Xunpeng, 2023. "Environmental policies and low-carbon industrial upgrading: Heterogenous effects among policies, sectors, and technologies in China," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    7. García, Arturo & Leal, Mariel & Lee, Sang-Ho, 2018. "Time-inconsistent environmental policies with a consumer-friendly firm: Tradable permits versus emission tax," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 523-537.
    8. Daniel Friedrich, 2022. "How environmental goals influence consumer willingness-to-pay for a plastic tax: a discrete-choice analytical study," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(6), pages 8218-8245, June.
    9. Lee, Sang-Ho & Muminov, Timur & Chen, Jiaqi, 2019. "Timing of R&D Decisions and Output Subsidies in a Mixed Duopoly with Spillovers," MPRA Paper 91452, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Consumer awareness; Product differentiation; Free entry; Environmental policies;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L13 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • H21 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Efficiency; Optimal Taxation
    • Q50 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - General

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