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Analysis of the impact of bilateral and transit quotas on Turkey's international trade by road transport: An integrated maximum flow and gravity model approach

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  • Çekyay, Bora
  • Toktaş Palut, Peral
  • Kabak, Özgür
  • Ülengin, Füsun
  • Özaydın, Özay
  • Ülengin, Burç

Abstract

We explore whether bilateral and transit quotas applied by EU countries on Turkey have a negative impact on Turkey's international trade by road transport. Therefore, Turkey's exports by road transport to selected European countries are analyzed in a panel-data framework for the period 2005–2014. We estimate the aggregate effect of different quota types on trade between Turkey and European countries by using an approach that integrates the max-flow and gravity models. In the gravity model, for each country, a single value representing the aggregate restricting effect of different quota types is needed. The single values are obtained by solving multiple max-flow problems, where constraining effects of different quota types are modeled as arc capacities. The results of the gravity model suggest a loss in Turkish exports by road transport because of the quotas imposed by other countries. Most of the negative impact results from bilateral quotas rather than from transit quotas, whose effect is rather marginal.

Suggested Citation

  • Çekyay, Bora & Toktaş Palut, Peral & Kabak, Özgür & Ülengin, Füsun & Özaydın, Özay & Ülengin, Burç, 2017. "Analysis of the impact of bilateral and transit quotas on Turkey's international trade by road transport: An integrated maximum flow and gravity model approach," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 70-77.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:retrec:v:66:y:2017:i:c:p:70-77
    DOI: 10.1016/j.retrec.2017.04.006
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    Cited by:

    1. Pérez-Mesa, Juan Carlos & García-Barranco, M & Piedra-Muñoz, Laura & Galdeano-Gómez, Emilio, 2019. "Transport as a limiting factor for the growth of Spanish agri-food exports," MPRA Paper 119855, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Ulengin, Fusun & Cekyay, Bora & Isik, Mine & Ozaydin, Ozay & Kabak, Özgür & Toktaş-Palut, Peral & Ekici, Sule Onsel & Topcu, Y. Ilker, 2021. "A simulation-based approach for improving the largest border crossing between Europe and Turkey," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 350-363.
    3. Pérez-Mesa, Juan Carlos & García-Barranco, M. Carmen & Piedra-Muñoz, Laura & Galdeano-Gómez, Emilio, 2019. "Transport as a limiting factor for the growth of Spanish agri-food exports," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    4. Çekyay, Bora & Kabak, Özgür & Ülengin, Füsun & Ulengin, Burç & Toktaş Palut, Peral & Özaydın, Özay, 2020. "A multi-commodity network flow and gravity model integration for analyzing impact of road transport quotas on international trade," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Gravity model; Quotas; Bilateral quotas; Transit quotas; European Union; Turkey; Trade; International trade; Trade costs; Trade barriers; Maximum flow problem; Exports; Road transport;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F17 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Forecasting and Simulation
    • L91 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Transportation: General

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