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Ecological impacts of wind farms on birds: Questions, hypotheses, and research needs

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  • Wang, Shifeng
  • Wang, Sicong
  • Smith, Pete

Abstract

Wind power is increasingly being used worldwide as an important contribution to renewable energy, due to its low greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuels. However, it has been suggested that the development of wind power has caused an adverse impacts on birds. We summarise current evidence of bird fatalities resulting from wind power, outline the reasons why and how birds are killed by wind power developments, and identify research needs to better inform researchers, decision makers, developers and other stakeholders, to help mitigate any adverse impacts of wind power developments on birds.

Suggested Citation

  • Wang, Shifeng & Wang, Sicong & Smith, Pete, 2015. "Ecological impacts of wind farms on birds: Questions, hypotheses, and research needs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 599-607.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:44:y:2015:i:c:p:599-607
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.01.031
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    3. Zerrahn, Alexander, 2017. "Wind Power and Externalities," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 245-260.
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    5. Li, Qiangfeng & Duan, Huabo & Xie, Minghui & Kang, Peng & Ma, Yi & Zhong, Ruoyu & Gao, Tianming & Zhong, Weiqiong & Wen, Bojie & Bai, Feng & Vuppaladadiyam, Arun K., 2021. "Life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis of a 40 MW wind farm with consideration of the infrastructure," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
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    8. Wang, Shifeng & Wang, Sicong & Smith, Pete, 2015. "Quantifying impacts of onshore wind farms on ecosystem services at local and global scales," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 1424-1428.
    9. Enevoldsen, Peter, 2016. "Onshore wind energy in Northern European forests: Reviewing the risks," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 1251-1262.
    10. Abel Arredondo-Galeana & Feargal Brennan, 2021. "Floating Offshore Vertical Axis Wind Turbines: Opportunities, Challenges and Way Forward," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-24, November.
    11. Commin, Andrew N. & Davidson, Magnus W.H. & Largey, Nicola & Gaffney, Paul P.J. & Braidwood, David W. & Gibb, Stuart W. & McClatchey, John, 2017. "Spatial smoothing of onshore wind: Implications for strategic development in Scotland," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 36-48.
    12. Lee, Kyung-Sook & Kim, Ju-Hee & Yoo, Seung-Hoon, 2021. "Would people pay a price premium for electricity from domestic wind power facilities? The case of South Korea," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).

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