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Overview of wind energy policy and development in Japan

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  • Mizuno, Emi

Abstract

This article reviews the history and current issues of wind energy development in Japan and considers the role of policy and future direction of wind energy. Past policy with its weak market focus did not increase wind energy share in Japan. The situation surrounding wind and other renewable energy changed dramatically after the Great East Earthquake and Tsunami and the subsequent Fukushima Nuclear Plant Accident in early 2011. The new Feed-in Tariff regime was introduced and the Electricity Sector Reform is slowly progressing. Although wind energy has much larger potential than other renewables in Japan, the FIT has not increased wind installation to date, and the number of bottlenecks has hindered large-scale market deployment of wind. The limited grid capacity, the current electricity market structure, and grid operating practices by the existing Electricity Power Companies have constrained the grid access of wind projects. A layer of regulations related to development permits increases lead-time, project uncertainty, and risk premiums. Difficulty in terms of social acceptance is also high due to some of the past mistakes which did not address local community concerns. Cost of wind energy is also high, compared with other countries, due to lack of economies of scale and other reasons. Japan needs to implement a more comprehensive policy package to address numerous bottlenecks and risks to increase wind energy share in its energy mix.

Suggested Citation

  • Mizuno, Emi, 2014. "Overview of wind energy policy and development in Japan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 999-1018.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:40:y:2014:i:c:p:999-1018
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.184
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    1. Rahman, Md Momtazur & Khan, Imran & Field, David Luke & Techato, Kuaanan & Alameh, Kamal, 2022. "Powering agriculture: Present status, future potential, and challenges of renewable energy applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 731-749.
    2. Ohba, Masamichi & Kadokura, Shinji & Nohara, Daisuke, 2016. "Impacts of synoptic circulation patterns on wind power ramp events in East Japan," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA), pages 591-602.
    3. Cherp, Aleh & Vinichenko, Vadim & Jewell, Jessica & Suzuki, Masahiro & Antal, Miklós, 2017. "Comparing electricity transitions: A historical analysis of nuclear, wind and solar power in Germany and Japan," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 612-628.
    4. Koh, J.H. & Ng, E.Y.K., 2016. "Downwind offshore wind turbines: Opportunities, trends and technical challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 797-808.
    5. Gumber, Anurag & Zana, Riccardo & Steffen, Bjarne, 2024. "A global analysis of renewable energy project commissioning timelines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 358(C).
    6. Clapin, Lachlan & Longden, Thomas, 2024. "Waiting to generate: An analysis of onshore wind and solar PV project development lead-times in Australia," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    7. Bento, Nuno & Fontes, Margarida, 2019. "Emergence of floating offshore wind energy: Technology and industry," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 66-82.
    8. Kobashi, Takuro & Yoshida, Takahiro & Yamagata, Yoshiki & Naito, Katsuhiko & Pfenninger, Stefan & Say, Kelvin & Takeda, Yasuhiro & Ahl, Amanda & Yarime, Masaru & Hara, Keishiro, 2020. "On the potential of “Photovoltaics + Electric vehicles” for deep decarbonization of Kyoto’s power systems: Techno-economic-social considerations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    9. Li, Yi & Wu, Xiao-Peng & Li, Qiu-Sheng & Tee, Kong Fah, 2018. "Assessment of onshore wind energy potential under different geographical climate conditions in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 498-511.
    10. Zheng, Chong Wei & Li, Chong Yin & Pan, Jing & Liu, Ming Yang & Xia, Lin Lin, 2016. "An overview of global ocean wind energy resource evaluations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 1240-1251.
    11. Yveline Lecler, 2017. "Small and Micro-Scale Hydropower in Japan," Post-Print halshs-01803429, HAL.
    12. Ohba, Masamichi & Kanno, Yuki & Nohara, Daisuke, 2022. "Climatology of dark doldrums in Japan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    13. Zhang, Pan, 2019. "Do energy intensity targets matter for wind energy development? Identifying their heterogeneous effects in Chinese provinces with different wind resources," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 968-975.
    14. Shahriyar Nasirov & Carlos Silva & Claudio A. Agostini, 2015. "Investors’ Perspectives on Barriers to the Deployment of Renewable Energy Sources in Chile," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(5), pages 1-21, April.

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    Keywords

    Wind energy; Japan; Policy; Trend;
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