Smart multi-stage energy-emission nexus framework for sustainable supply-demand management and CO2 mitigation

The increasing adoption of net-negative emission (N-NE) technologies, such as renewables, integrated carbon capture and storage (CCS), and potential CO2 regeneration, is crucial to address energy poverty (SDG-7 and SDG-11) and reduce global CO2 emission intensity (SDG-13) in non-OECD countries. This study proposes a smart management energy-emission nexus framework for a sustainable energy distribution network (EDN) and CO2 emission mitigation. The framework integrates flexible demand response, bidirectional supply regulation and carbon-capture capacity planning to optimize the energy performance and avoid wasted storage and generation capacity. It incorporates sustainable transaction governance and conservation strategies to mitigate, supply overload, and minimize CO2 emission intensity. A smart multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) procedure with abnormality detection ensure real-time operation and long-term energy-emission nexus management. The framework is validated through a case study in Vietnam, demonstrating a 62.25 % reduction in electricity shortages, an 85.1 % improvement in storage capacity, and a 21.5 % increase in CCS-driven emission restriction. The system regenerates 0.72 kWh of electricity from captured CO2 emission, achieving a robust reliability rate of 0.71 and a consumer satisfaction score of 0.81 with high economic energy rate of 0.05. The proposed strategies effectively optimize energy distribution and CO2 emission reduction, contributing to enhanced energy efficiency, sustainability, and resilience in emerging economies.