Integrating power electronics-based energy storages to power systems: A review on dynamic modeling, analysis, and future challenges

The integration of power electronics-based energy storage systems (PEESs) into power systems introduces potential instabilities. This study reviews efforts in dynamic analysis of both AC and DC power systems integrated with PEESs, covering dynamic modeling, analysis methods, and potential instability risks. Major conclusions are drawn as: 1) Simplified models of PEESs have been widely used for dynamic analysis of power systems. However, it may cause "error aggregation" as the scale of PEESs increases, leading to mistakes in results, which induces significant concerns. 2) Traditional stability mechanism analysis methods remain effective for single grid-connected PEES and large-scale PEESs with parallel and series connections. However, they are inadequate for PEESs with distributed connections. To fill in this gap, an idea of mechanism analysis based on "dynamic reconstruction" is proposed. 3) Potential instability risks caused by PEESs integration may differ from those caused by renewable energy integration due to differences in functional controls and bidirectional power flow. However, comprehensive investigations in this regard are lacking and require significant attention. To ensure the stable operation of power systems with increasing integration of PEESs, significant challenges are summarized in the end, providing inspirations for future studies.