Review of electricity islands in space application: Architecture and function blocks

In the field of space exploration, the growing demand for advanced electrical power systems has necessitated the development of high-capacity, high-voltage spacecraft electrical power systems (SEPS). While small-scale, low-voltage satellite systems such as CubeSats have reached a mature stage of development, research on high-capacity, high-voltage SEPS, such as space solar power station (SSPS), still faces significant challenges. Therefore, investigating the development of large-capacity, high-voltage SEPS is of paramount importance. However, the harsh space environment, mass and size restrictions, and high operation and maintenance costs present significant challenges in designing SEPS. This paper provides an analysis of the impact of space complex environment on various types of electrical components and systems, introduces the technical characteristics and development paths of SEPS, and presents the design scheme and selection requirements of actual large spacecraft architecture using the international space station (ISS) as an example. This paper elucidates the functional requirements, topological arrangements, component selection guidelines, and operational features of core subsystems within SEPS, offering an extensive overview and comparison. The importance of developing lightweight modular structures with high power density, reliability, and survivability is emphasized, along with the necessity for meticulous determination of SEPS architecture, functional elements, and mission parameters. Besides, the technical challenges and development directions of future large-scale SEPS are proposed. It is hoped that this study presents valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities of designing and implementing large-scale SEPS, such as the SSPS, for future space missions.