Green manufacturing evaluation of light-emitting diodes lamps production: Resource and environmental assessment

Light-emitting diode lamps have become the mainstream lamps of the lighting industry, with practical significance such as energy savings and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, few studies have focused on the resource and environmental evaluation of light-emitting diode lamp production processes. In this research, a green manufacturing evaluation was developed by combining resource criticality and environmental impact assessment by analysing eight typical light-emitting diode lamp production processes. For resource criticality assessment, a metal criticality assessment method was built considering the special industrial parameters such as the technical level of the production plant, where the ordinary street lamp had the most lamp evaluation index based on the higher resource consumption and Ga and In were the most critical metals. For environmental impact assessment, it was concluded that the green bulb lamp was the most environmentally friendly lamp, and the ordinary street lamp had the most serious impact on the environment. Under the comprehensive evaluation, the green bulb lamp was the best lamp because its structure was simple and the quality of the material was smaller, while the ordinary street lamp was the worst lamp due to the higher quality of the material. Through the green manufacturing evaluation with resource criticality assessment and environmental impact assessment, the light-emitting diode lamp production process can be effectively evaluated, which can provide a basis for the material evaluation and cleaner production.