Modeling the interconnected drivers of power sector decarbonization in Chile

This study sought to model the interconnected and multidimensional factors influencing the decarbonization of Chile's electricity sector. Factors were identified through a structured review of articles found in the Web of Science. Factor interactions were then characterized through a survey and participatory systems modeling workshop with stakeholders from various fields in the Chilean energy sector. The model emerging from the workshop was structurally analyzed to identify and evaluate system leverage points used to inform recommendations for future policy and practice. A key leverage point identified in this analysis underscores the importance of stakeholder awareness regarding the benefits of renewable energy projects, serving as a crucial catalyst towards decarbonization by fostering citizen support and driving the implementation of favorable public policies. Conversely, the model showed that public opposition to transmission line construction, stemming from health, environmental, and property value concerns, can potentially lead to project delays, increased costs, and challenges in modernizing electrical grids. These findings emphasize the need for public engagement and effective communication to prioritize decarbonization while balancing short-term impacts with long-term benefits. The systemic and process-oriented insights gained from the application of the participatory modeling approach presented in this study, highlight the value of utilizing systems thinking and modeling approaches to inform future decarbonization strategies on a global scale.