Solar electrification in isolated Amazonian systems: Barriers and mitigation strategies

The Amazon region faces significant challenges in accessing electricity in isolated systems. Solar photovoltaic energy with batteries is a promising alternative that aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals. However, its implementation is hindered by complex barriers. Previous studies have addressed specific aspects, but there is a need for a comprehensive analysis that identifies barriers and strategies considering multiple dimensions and their relation to the SDGs. Through a systematic literature review, this article aims to identify and analyse the main barriers and strategies for developing solar photovoltaic energy with batteries in isolated Amazonian systems. Thirty-two articles were analysed, identifying 19 barriers across six dimensions and ten mitigation strategies. Simple Correspondence Analysis was used to investigate the relationship between barriers and strategies. A conceptual framework was proposed to link barriers, strategies, and SDGs. The results highlight the complexity of the challenge, requiring a holistic approach aligned with the SDGs and integrating sustainability criteria into operational management. The study provides significant implications for public policies and private initiatives, promoting sustainable energy solutions adapted to local Amazonian realities. It also offers guidelines for effectively implementing strategies and contributes to advancing knowledge in renewable energy for isolated regions.