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Gharats (watermills): Indigenous device for sustainable development of renewable hydro-energy in Uttrakhand Himalayas

Author

Listed:
  • Sharma, Ramesh C.
  • Bisht, Yashpal
  • Sharma, Rekha
  • Singh, Deepak

Abstract

The Himalaya has a rich ancient tradition for tapping hydro-energy from the hill streams and rivers through the device of gharats (watermills). The present contribution encompasses the study on the energy consumption pattern of hill communities living in buffer zone of the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, a world heritage site located in Garhwal Himalayas, India, The current status of gharats, the factors responsible for the neglect of this renewable energy device, initiatives taken for upgrading for their revival have been highlighted. Field and policy level opportunities and constraints associated with promotion of such hydro-energy in the study area by upgrading of traditional watermills are analysed and suitable options for removing impediments are suggested.

Suggested Citation

  • Sharma, Ramesh C. & Bisht, Yashpal & Sharma, Rekha & Singh, Deepak, 2008. "Gharats (watermills): Indigenous device for sustainable development of renewable hydro-energy in Uttrakhand Himalayas," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(10), pages 2199-2206.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:33:y:2008:i:10:p:2199-2206
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2007.12.023
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Anthwal, Ashish & Gupta, Nutan & Sharma, Archana & Anthwal, Smriti & Kim, KI-Hyun, 2010. "Conserving biodiversity through traditional beliefs in sacred groves in Uttarakhand Himalaya, India," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 54(11), pages 962-971.
    2. Pujol, T. & Vashisht, A.K. & Ricart, J. & Culubret, D. & Velayos, J., 2015. "Hydraulic efficiency of horizontal waterwheels: Laboratory data and CFD study for upgrading a western Himalayan watermill," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 576-586.
    3. Abbas Mardani & Ahmad Jusoh & Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas & Fausto Cavallaro & Zainab Khalifah, 2015. "Sustainable and Renewable Energy: An Overview of the Application of Multiple Criteria Decision Making Techniques and Approaches," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(10), pages 1-38, October.
    4. Vashisht, A.K., 2012. "Current status of the traditional watermills of the Himalayan region and the need of technical improvements for increasing their energy efficiency," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 307-315.
    5. Anupam Bhatt & Dipika Rana & Brij Lal, 2021. "Gharat: an environment friendly livelihood source for the natives of western Himalaya, India," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(12), pages 18471-18487, December.
    6. Pujol, Toni & Solà, Jordi & Montoro, Lino & Pelegrí, Marc, 2010. "Hydraulic performance of an ancient Spanish watermill," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 387-396.

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