Tracking sustainable energy indicators in Africa: New evidence from technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution

African countries are actively working to enhance energy sustainability and minimize adverse impacts in the pursuit of Sustainable Development Goal 7, which is assessed through range of multidimensional indicators. To contribute to research that can be replicated, this study employed the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution method, implemented using Python, to analyze optimal policy solutions in Africa within the sustainable development framework. The study focused on the five highest energy-consuming countries to determine which one has the most effective policy solutions. The results indicate that Nigeria has the most successful policy strategies, particularly in electricity access, clean cooking services, energy intensity, renewable energy integration, and investment in energy infrastructure technologies. Morocco follows closely, demonstrating balanced approach with moderate scores across the indicators, while Algeria, Egypt and South Africa face multiple challenges, including limited electricity access and renewable energy deployment. The findings suggest that reducing reliance on fossil fuels and other non-renewable energy sources is crucial for minimizing negative solutions in African countries, as these are significant contributors to climate change. In conclusion, the study recommends institutional collaborations, implementation of technological solutions, including integration of smart grid technologies, to enhance energy sustainability among African countries.