A novel structure adaptive new information priority grey Bernoulli model and its application in China's renewable energy production

At present, the global energy structure is undergoing major changes. China is in the transition period of energy structure. Accurately anticipating future energy trends is critical for China's energy structure and modernization. Considering the uncertainty and sparsity characteristics of China's energy system sequence, this study examines China's renewable energy scenario using the grey model with limited sample and uncertain system modelling features. Renewable energy is affected by a variety of uncertain factors, exhibiting a range of complicated traits including nonlinearity, periodicity and random volatility. The traditional grey model has been difficult to appropriately predict its future evolution. This paper focuses on the adaptability of the model, optimizes and improves the accumulation operator and model structure, and establishes a fractional-order structural self-adaptation grey Bernoulli model based on new information priority. Firstly, based on the new information priority accumulation operator, it is extended to the fractional order. In terms of model structure, combined with NGBM(1,1) model, SADGM(1,1) model and FPGM(1,1) model, periodic fluctuation term and nonlinear power term are included to improve the model's capacity to capture nonlinear, fluctuating and periodic features, and enhance the adaptability and flexibility of the model. The backward difference technique yields the model's parameter estimation and temporal response sequence. Based on the results of the algorithm comparison experiment, the Improved Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm is chosen to optimize the structural parameters of the model in an effort to enhance its performance. The performance comparison experiment of the model was designed, and three cases of China's hydropower generation, China's renewable energy power generation installed capacity and China's solar energy quarterly power generation were selected to compare the performance with a variety of grey prediction models. Monte-Carlo simulation and probability density analysis were utilized to confirm the stability and accuracy of the proposed model. The results show that the proposed FSANGBM(1,1) model can handle data series of renewable energy with nonlinear, volatile, and periodic features with high prediction ability. Finally, the model is applied to forecast three cases' future development trends.