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A unified framework for aeroacoustics simulation of wind turbines

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  • Cheng, Zhi
  • Lien, Fue-Sang
  • Yee, Eugene
  • Meng, Hang

Abstract

In this paper, we evaluate the utility of an unified/integrated framework for the prediction of sound radiation from a wind turbine which tightly couples together the following model components: an actuator line model (ALM) used with a flow solver from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) such as an unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes or a large-eddy simulation (LES) for the prediction of the highly-disturbed flow field around a wind turbine; the Brooks, Pope, and Marcolini (BPM) method for determination of the rotor blade self-noise; and, the acoustics perturbation equation (APE) for the prediction of the acoustic field arising from the operation of a wind turbine using as input the noise sources obtained from ALM/CFD and the BPM method. The accuracy and stability of various components of the framework are validated carefully and systematically using four test cases: (1) simulation of noise propagation from a point sound source using APE and comparison of the results with Stokes’ law of sound attenuation; (2) simulation of the flow past a circular cylinder using CFD and the prediction of the sound radiation resulting from this flow using APE (with detailed comparisons of these results with some experimental and numerical data); (3) simulation of the flow field around a small-scale model wind turbine using ALM/CFD and comparison of these results with some experimental and numerical data; and, (4) computation of the flow and acoustic fields for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5-MW utility-scale reference wind turbine using the fully coupled ALM/CFD and BPM/APE schemes and comparison of these results with a blade- and hub-resolved CFD simulation for the flow coupled with the solution of the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkins (FW–H) equation for the prediction of the sound radiation. For the second test case, a detailed assessment is conducted on the efficacy of perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary conditions for ensuring the non-reflection of outgoing waves at the open domain boundaries. Finally, the unified/integrated framework consisting of ALM/CFD + BPM + APE is used to simulate the interference of the flow and acoustic fields arising from the operation of two wind turbines.

Suggested Citation

  • Cheng, Zhi & Lien, Fue-Sang & Yee, Eugene & Meng, Hang, 2022. "A unified framework for aeroacoustics simulation of wind turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 299-319.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:188:y:2022:i:c:p:299-319
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.01.120
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Filios, A.E. & Tachos, N.S. & Fragias, A.P. & Margaris, D.P., 2007. "Broadband noise radiation analysis for an HAWT rotor," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(9), pages 1497-1510.
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    3. York, Richard & Rosa, Eugene A. & Dietz, Thomas, 2003. "STIRPAT, IPAT and ImPACT: analytic tools for unpacking the driving forces of environmental impacts," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(3), pages 351-365, October.
    4. Krogstad, Per-Åge & Eriksen, Pål Egil, 2013. "“Blind test” calculations of the performance and wake development for a model wind turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 325-333.
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    1. Botero-Bolívar, Laura & Marino, Oscar A. & Venner, Cornelis H. & de Santana, Leandro D. & Ferrer, Esteban, 2024. "Low-cost wind turbine aeroacoustic predictions using actuator lines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).

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