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12-Tungstophosphoric acid anchored to MCM-22, as a novel sustainable catalyst for the synthesis of potential biodiesel blend, levulinate ester

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  • Pithadia, Dhruvi
  • Patel, Anjali
  • Hatiya, Vijay

Abstract

The present article demonstrates a synthesis of a green, novel and sustainable heterogeneous catalyst comprising 12-tungstophosphoric acid and zeolitic support- MCM-22. Detailed characterization of the catalyst was carried out using various physicochemical techniques and its catalytic activity was explored for the production of butyl levulinate, a potential fuel blend candidate. The comparison with other phosphotungstate based catalysts showcases the outstanding activity of the present catalyst towards esterification of levulinic acid at 90 °C with 68% conversion, 99% ester selectivity and TOF of 212 h−1. Furthermore, it exhibits excellent reusability for multiple catalytic runs (six runs) and illustrates feasibility for the synthesis of varied levulinate esters (65–78% conversion) having a range of carbon chain lengths (C3–C8).

Suggested Citation

  • Pithadia, Dhruvi & Patel, Anjali & Hatiya, Vijay, 2022. "12-Tungstophosphoric acid anchored to MCM-22, as a novel sustainable catalyst for the synthesis of potential biodiesel blend, levulinate ester," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 933-943.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:187:y:2022:i:c:p:933-943
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.01.106
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Krishnan, Venkat & McCalley, James D., 2016. "The role of bio-renewables in national energy and transportation systems portfolio planning for low carbon economy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 207-223.
    2. Ahmad, Nauman & Ahmad, Nabeel & Ahmed, Usama, 2020. "Process design and techno-economic evaluation for the production of platform chemical for hydrocarbon fuels from lignocellulosic biomass using biomass-derived γ-valerolactone," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 750-755.
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