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Study of the internal flow structure of an ultra-small axial flow hydraulic turbine

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  • Nishi, Yasuyuki
  • Kobori, Tomoyuki
  • Mori, Nozomi
  • Inagaki, Terumi
  • Kikuchi, Norio

Abstract

The ultra-small axial flow hydraulic turbine is a portable, palm-sized hydraulic turbine that can be applied to low head applications. By redesigning the original runner of this turbine using a method which uniformized the axial flow velocity, we succeeded in improving the performance of the runner. However, the mechanism of the improved performance of the optimized runner was not sufficiently clear; furthermore, the internal flow of the ultra-small axial hydraulic turbine had hardly been elucidated. This study aims to elucidate the internal flow structure of the ultra-small axial flow hydraulic turbine and to clarify the mechanism behind the improved performance of the optimized runner. To this end, we investigated in detail the internal flow structure of the original and optimized runners using PIV measurements and numerical analysis, focusing on the vortex structures. As a result, it was found that losses due to the tip leakage vortex and vortices near the hub at the blade outlet were smaller for the optimized runner than for the original runner. In particular, it was found that the turbine efficiency was greatly improved because vortices due to the swirling flow downstream of the runner were suppressed, and losses resulting from these vortices were thus reduced.

Suggested Citation

  • Nishi, Yasuyuki & Kobori, Tomoyuki & Mori, Nozomi & Inagaki, Terumi & Kikuchi, Norio, 2019. "Study of the internal flow structure of an ultra-small axial flow hydraulic turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 1000-1011.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:139:y:2019:i:c:p:1000-1011
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.03.004
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chica, E. & Agudelo, S. & Sierra, N., 2013. "Lost wax casting process of the runner of a propeller turbine for small hydroelectric power plants," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 739-745.
    2. Paish, Oliver, 2002. "Small hydro power: technology and current status," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 6(6), pages 537-556, December.
    3. Williamson, S.J. & Stark, B.H. & Booker, J.D., 2014. "Low head pico hydro turbine selection using a multi-criteria analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 43-50.
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    2. Yang, Sun Sheng & Zhao, Erce & Fang, Tian & Kesharwani, Siddhi & Chaudhary, Shubham & Singh, Punit, 2023. "Towards an optimum pitch to chord ratio and establishing its scaling effects in low head Kaplan propellers," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 750-772.
    3. Wang, Wenjie & Guo, Hailong & Zhang, Chenying & Shen, Jiawei & Pei, Ji & Yuan, Shouqi, 2023. "Transient characteristics of PAT in micro pumped hydro energy storage during abnormal shutdown process," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C), pages 401-412.
    4. Nishi, Yasuyuki & Mori, Nozomi & Yamada, Naoki & Inagaki, Terumi, 2022. "Study on the design method for axial flow runner that combines design of experiments, response surface method, and optimization method to one-dimensional design method," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 96-110.
    5. Shamsuddeen, Mohamed Murshid & Park, Jungwan & Choi, Young-Seok & Kim, Jin-Hyuk, 2020. "Unsteady multi-phase cavitation analysis on the effect of anti-cavity fin installed on a Kaplan turbine runner," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 861-876.

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