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Availability and reliability of k-out-of-(M+N):G warm standby systems

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  • Zhang, Tieling
  • Xie, Min
  • Horigome, Michio

Abstract

Redundancy or standby is a technique that has been widely applied to improving system reliability and availability in system design. In most cases, components in standby system are assumed to be statistically identical and independent. However, in many practical applications, not all components in standby can be treated as identical because they have different failure and repair rates. In this paper, one kind of such systems with two categories of components is studied, which is named k-out-of-(M+N):G warm standby system. In the system, one category of the components is of type 1 and the other type 2. There are M type 1 components and N type 2 components. Components of type 1 have a lower failure rate and are preferably repaired if there is one failed. There are r repair facilities available. By using Markov model, the system state transition process can be clearly illustrated, and furthermore, the solutions of system availability and reliability are obtained based on this. An example representing a power-generator and transmission system is given to illustrate the solutions of the system availability and reliability.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Tieling & Xie, Min & Horigome, Michio, 2006. "Availability and reliability of k-out-of-(M+N):G warm standby systems," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 91(4), pages 381-387.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:reensy:v:91:y:2006:i:4:p:381-387
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2005.02.003
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    Cited by:

    1. Huang, Wei & Loman, James & Song, Thomas, 2015. "A reliability model of a warm standby configuration with two identical sets of units," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 237-245.
    2. Jenab, K. & Rashidi, K., 2009. "Operational reliability assessment of an aircraft environmental control system," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 94(2), pages 456-462.
    3. Levitin, Gregory & Xing, Liudong & Dai, Yuanshun, 2024. "Allocation and activation of resource constrained shock-exposed components in heterogeneous 1-out-of-n standby system," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    4. Levitin, Gregory & Finkelstein, Maxim & Dai, Yuanshun, 2021. "Optimization of cyclic preventive replacement in homogeneous warm-standby system with reusable elements exposed to shocks," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    5. Levitin, Gregory & Xing, Liudong & Dai, Yuanshun, 2023. "Standby mode transfer schedule minimizing downtime of 1-out-of-N system with storage," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
    6. Chen, Yiming & Liu, Yu & Jiang, Tao, 2021. "Optimal maintenance strategy for multi-state systems with single maintenance capacity and arbitrarily distributed maintenance time," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    7. Levitin, Gregory & Xing, Liudong & Haim, Hanoch Ben & Dai, Yuanshun, 2019. "Optimal structure of series system with 1-out-of-n warm standby subsystems performing operation and rescue functions," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 523-531.
    8. Levitin, Gregory & Xing, Liudong & Dai, Yuanshun, 2018. "Co-optimization of state dependent loading and mission abort policy in heterogeneous warm standby systems," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 151-158.
    9. Levitin, Gregory & Finkelstein, Maxim & Dai, Yuanshun, 2018. "Heterogeneous standby systems with shocks-driven preventive replacements," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 266(3), pages 1189-1197.
    10. Levitin, Gregory & Xing, Liudong & Dai, Yuanshun, 2022. "Heterogeneous 1-out-of-n standby systems with limited unit operation time," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    11. Levitin, Gregory & Xing, Liudong & Luo, Liang, 2019. "Influence of failure propagation on mission abort policy in heterogeneous warm standby systems," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 29-38.
    12. Levitin, Gregory & Xing, Liudong & Dai, Yuanshun, 2023. "Predetermined standby mode transfers in 1-out-of-N systems with resource-constrained elements," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    13. Yuan, Li & Xu, Jian, 2011. "An optimal replacement policy for a repairable system based on its repairman having vacations," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 96(7), pages 868-875.
    14. Oszczypała, Mateusz & Konwerski, Jakub & Ziółkowski, Jarosław & Małachowski, Jerzy, 2024. "Reliability analysis and redundancy optimization of k-out-of-n systems with random variable k using continuous time Markov chain and Monte Carlo simulation," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    15. Levitin, Gregory & Xing, Liudong & Dai, Yuanshun, 2022. "Optimal sequencing of elements activation in 1-out-of-n warm standby system with storage," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    16. Gao, Shan & Wang, Jinting, 2021. "Reliability and availability analysis of a retrial system with mixed standbys and an unreliable repair facility," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
    17. Levitin, Gregory & Finkelstein, Maxim & Dai, Yuanshun, 2018. "Optimizing availability of heterogeneous standby systems exposed to shocks," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 137-145.
    18. Levitin, Gregory & Xing, Liudong & Dai, Yuanshun, 2023. "Co-optimizing component allocation and activation sequence in heterogeneous 1-out-of-n standby system exposed to shocks," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    19. Shekhar, Chandra & Kumar, Amit & Varshney, Shreekant, 2020. "Load sharing redundant repairable systems with switching and reboot delay," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    20. Heping Jia & Rui Peng & Yi Ding & Yonghua Song, 2019. "Reliability of demand-based warm standby system with common bus performance sharing," Journal of Risk and Reliability, , vol. 233(4), pages 580-592, August.
    21. Guo, Linhan & Li, Ruiyang & Wang, Yu & Yang, Jun & Liu, Yu & Chen, Yiming & Zhang, Jianguo, 2023. "Availability for multi-component k-out-of-n: G warm-standby system in series with shut-off rule of suspended animation," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    22. Khatab, A. & Nahas, N. & Nourelfath, M., 2009. "Availability of K-out-of-N:G systems with non-identical components subject to repair priorities," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 94(2), pages 142-151.
    23. Levitin, Gregory & Finkelstein, Maxim & Dai, Yuanshun, 2021. "Optimal shock-driven switching strategies with elements reuse in heterogeneous warm-standby systems," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
    24. Levitin, Gregory & Xing, Liudong & Dai, Yuanshun, 2018. "Optimal work distribution and backup frequency for two non-identical work sharing elements," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 127-136.
    25. Wang, Chaonan & Xing, Liudong & Amari, Suprasad V., 2012. "A fast approximation method for reliability analysis of cold-standby systems," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 119-126.

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