Spatial modeling and analysis based on spatial information of the ship encounters for intelligent navigation safety

The analysis of dangerous navigation situations is crucial for the advancement of intelligent shipping technology. In this study, we propose a spatial modeling and analysis method in the space domain of ship encounters based on a geographic information system spatial information platform and analysis technology. The proposed method employs various parameters, such as the approaching rate of a ship, the relative orientation, the encounter danger, the relative spatial position, and the power coefficient of the exponential mathematical curve to establish a dynamic spatial–temporal model of ship encounters. This allows for the spatial modeling and analysis of the spatial characteristics and distributions of encounter-danger surface sources. The proposed method enables in-depth analysis of potential nonlinear spatial characteristics and distribution patterns of ship-encounter danger during navigation and provides spatial analysis results, including encounter-safety features and spatial–temporal attribute information for safe ship navigation. This can greatly improve the spatial analysis and perception ability of ships encountering dangerous situations, thereby effectively reducing the spatial ambiguity of encountering danger. This study performs case analysis and comparative verification using two types of encounter scenarios, and the results reveal the accuracy and superiority of the proposed method.