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Closed loop recycling of plastics containing Flame Retardants

Author

Listed:
  • Peeters, Jef R.
  • Vanegas, Paul
  • Tange, Lein
  • Van Houwelingen, Jan
  • Duflou, Joost R.

Abstract

Annually 2.7milliontonnes of plastics containing Flame Retardants (FRs) are globally discarded in Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). Little is known on the feasibility of closing material loops for FR plastics. Therefore, series of experiments were set up to analyze the feasibility of separating plastics containing FRs from one specific product category, namely End-of-Life (EoL) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) TVs. The characterization of the housings of this waste stream indicated a concentration of 18wt% Bromine based (Br) FRs and 31wt% Phosphor based (P) FRs, the remainder not containing FRs. With practical tests it was demonstrated that, after disassembly and plastic identification, the co-polymer poly-carbonate (PC)/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) containing PFR can be recycled in a closed loop system. Based on the determined plastic density distributions and separation efficiencies of optical sorters, a purity of 82% was calculated for PFR PC/ABS separated from EoL LCD TVs after size-reduction (shredding). Performed miscibility tests indicated that for this fraction at least a factor 10 dilution with virgin material is required. In addition, higher waste volumes are required for a size-reduction based treatment to become economically viable and technical challenges still need to be faced, whereas closed loop recycling of PFR PC/ABS from the current waste stream of EoL LCD TVs of different brands in a disassembly based treatment is found to be technically feasible and economically viable under European boundary conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Peeters, Jef R. & Vanegas, Paul & Tange, Lein & Van Houwelingen, Jan & Duflou, Joost R., 2014. "Closed loop recycling of plastics containing Flame Retardants," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 35-43.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:recore:v:84:y:2014:i:c:p:35-43
    DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.12.006
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Beigbeder, Joana & Perrin, Didier & Mascaro, Jean-François & Lopez-Cuesta, José-Marie, 2013. "Study of the physico-chemical properties of recycled polymers from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) sorted by high resolution near infrared devices," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 105-114.
    2. Nnorom, Innocent Chidi & Osibanjo, Oladele, 2008. "Sound management of brominated flame retarded (BFR) plastics from electronic wastes: State of the art and options in Nigeria," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 52(12), pages 1362-1372.
    3. Malcolm Richard, Gent & Mario, Menendez & Javier, Toraño & Susana, Torno, 2011. "Optimization of the recovery of plastics for recycling by density media separation cyclones," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 55(4), pages 472-482.
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    Cited by:

    1. Tsiliyannis, Christos Aristeides, 2015. "Sustainability by cyclic manufacturing: Assessment of resource preservation under uncertain growth and returns," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 155-170.
    2. Yoshida, Aya & Terazono, Atsushi & Ballesteros, Florencio C. & Nguyen, Duc-Quang & Sukandar, Sunandar & Kojima, Michikazu & Sakata, Shozo, 2016. "E-waste recycling processes in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam: A case study of cathode ray tube TVs and monitors," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 48-58.
    3. Ardente, Fulvio & Mathieux, Fabrice & Recchioni, Marco, 2014. "Recycling of electronic displays: Analysis of pre-processing and potential ecodesign improvements," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 158-171.
    4. Ruiz-Mercado, Gerardo J. & Gonzalez, Michael A. & Smith, Raymond L. & Meyer, David E., 2017. "A conceptual chemical process for the recycling of Ce, Eu, and Y from LED flat panel displays," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 42-49.

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