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Human urine as a source of alternative natural fertilizer in agriculture: A flight of fancy or an achievable reality

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  • Karak, Tanmoy
  • Bhattacharyya, Pradip

Abstract

Organically agricultural products are gaining popularities through out the world as it gives the consumer satisfaction with a basket of safer and better trusted foods. It is also well established that intensive conventional agricultural practices can introduce contaminants into the food chain with adverse affect on environment. However, organic agricultural practices give an alternative environmental friendly sustainable agriculture among the farmers. Beside this fact, organic crops contain fewer nitrates, nitrites, pesticide residues and trace elements than conventional crops. Even though, in organic systems generally have 20% lower yields than conventionally produced crops. One of the major constrains of organic farming is decrease of raw organic matters to prepare compost. Therefore, scientists are looking forward for different organic sources which are plenty in nature and available at little-to-no cost. Human urine is one of them, and has been gaining popularities as a raw material for organic cultivation. However, several important merits and demerits of application of human urine are needed to be addressed in agriculture.

Suggested Citation

  • Karak, Tanmoy & Bhattacharyya, Pradip, 2011. "Human urine as a source of alternative natural fertilizer in agriculture: A flight of fancy or an achievable reality," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 55(4), pages 400-408.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:recore:v:55:y:2011:i:4:p:400-408
    DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.12.008
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Heinz-Peter Mang & Ina Patricia Jurga & Zhe Xu, 2007. "Experience in improving fertiliser value of compost by enriching with urine," International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 7(3/4), pages 464-471.
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    Cited by:

    1. Akpan-Idiok, Ackley Ufot & Udo, Idorenyin Asukwo & Braide, Ekanem Ikpi, 2012. "The use of human urine as an organic fertilizer in the production of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in South Eastern Nigeria," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 14-20.
    2. Reijnders, L., 2014. "Phosphorus resources, their depletion and conservation, a review," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 32-49.

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